悲剧的他者——论尼采的悲剧观

The Otherness of Tragedy——A Study of Nietzsche's Views on Tragedy

《悲剧的诞生》是尼采早期一部很重要的著作,这部著作从题目上看是谈论艺术的,但尼采实际上借助对艺术的思考进行对悲剧的哲学解释,或者借助于艺术解释对自己的哲学思想进行旁注。历来的西方学者在解读《悲剧的诞生》时也仅仅从哲学单一维度进行解读。因而,尼采的悲剧观与尼采的哲学观往往混同在一起而无法对尼采的悲剧观作真正的解读。针对以往西方学者解读尼采时存在的不足,本文试图运用法国后现代哲学家列维纳斯的"他者"理论,在确立悲剧作为艺术主体地位的同时,综合运用哲学、美学、伦理、宗教、神话等他性视角对尼采的悲剧观进行多视角、多维度的解读。在运用"他者"视角进行解读的同时,又通过"他者"视角对尼采的悲剧观进行"非我"的特征观照,以进一步通过"他者"的确证来界定悲剧的自身特征,从而达到多视角、多维度对悲剧的自我确证的目的。总而言之,尼采的悲剧观是一种崭新的悲剧哲学,这种哲学全力弘扬生命本体特征,具有多元文化整合力。

This paper aims to explore into Nietzsche＇s views on tragedy which are mainly articulated in one of his early masterpieces The Birth of Tragedy, in which Nietzsche gives a philosophical interpretation of tragedy through his thinking of art. The fact that the previous western scholars usually interpreted The Birth of Tragedy from one dimensional philosophical perspective leads to a confusion of his views on tragedy and those on philosophy, which fails to provide a convincing understanding of his tragedy theory. With an aim to solve this problem, this paper, adopting the ＂other＂ theory of postmodern philosopher Levinas and based upon the theory of art as the subject, makes an attempt to launch a multidimensional interpretation of Nietzsche＇s views on tragedy from the ＂ other＂ vintage points such as philosophy, aesthetics, ethnics, religion and mythology. While interpreting the work from the ＂other＂ point of view, the paper also delimits the essence of tragedy per se by confirming the ＂otherness＂, thus achieving the goal of the self-confirmation of tragedy from multi-angles and dimensions. The paper comes to conclusion with the statement that taken as a new philosophy of tragedy, Nietzsche＇s views on tragedy give prominence to vigor of life and assume the ability to integrate multiple cultures.