地震灾区灾民应对策略状况分析

Analysis of Coping Strategies Status for Victioms in the Earthquake-stricken Area

目的了解地震灾区灾民应对策略状况及其特点,为心理危机干预提供科学依据。方法采用自编地震灾区灾民应对策略问卷,对123名灾民进行调查分析。结果地震灾区灾民问题解决、积极求助、自责自罪、消极退避和幻想等待维度的检出率分别为76.42%、61.79%、8.94%、8.13%和27.64%,灾民以积极应对策略为主。灾民应对策略无性别、民族差异,存在文化程度和年龄差异。在问题解决、积极求助和积极应对上,初中与高中及以上灾民均显著高于小学及以下灾民;青年与中年灾民显著高于儿童青少年灾民。在幻想等待上,初中灾民显著高于小学及以下灾民;青年与中年灾民显著高于儿童青少年灾民。结论据灾民应对策略的状况及特点,心理危机干预以辅助性和支持性原则为主,对不同性别和民族的人群不予区分,重点关注低文化程度和儿童青少年人群。

Objective To understand coping strategies status and characteristic for victims in the earthquake-stricken area,and to provide evidences for psychological crisis intervention.Methods Altogether 123 victims were investigated by self-designed questionnaires on coping strategies in the earthquake-stricken area.Results The prevalence of problem-solving,active seeking assistance,self-blamming,passive withdrawal and fantasy awaiting were 76.42%,61.79%,8.94%,8.13% and 27.64% respectively in victims of the earthquake-stricken area.Many victims had the positive-oriented coping strategies,and victims＇ coping strategies were not influenced by gender and nationality but the effect for different educational levels and ages were siginificant. Scores of the junior and senior high school and above victims were higher than the elementary school and below,while the young and middle age victims were higher than the children and adolescents on the problem-solving,active seeking assistance and positive-oriented coping strategies.Scores of the junior high school victims were higher than the elementary school and below,while the young and middle age were higher than the children and adolescents on fantasy awaiting. Conclusion According to coping strategies status and characteristic for victims,the main principle of psychological crisis intervention was supportive. Psychological crisis intervention between the different genders and national groups was consistency,but focused on the low educational level groups and children and adolescent.