试析雅典法律对奴隶的保护

On the Protection of the Athenian Laws for the Slaves

在古代雅典,立法者为了保证奴隶制度的稳定,缓和阶级矛盾,对奴隶主的权力进行了某些限制,为处于弱势的奴隶提供了些许保护。本文认为,雅典法律对奴隶的保护主要体现在三方面:奴隶免受他人任意杀死的权利,奴隶免受他人任意伤害的权利,奴隶避难和要求更换主人的权利。立法者在制定法律时,其着眼点并不在于奴隶,但在实际运行中,这些法律却起到了双重作用:既维护了公民和奴隶主阶级的利益,也在一定程度上保护了奴隶的人身安全。

In order to ensure the stability of the slavery system and ease the class contradictions, the Athenian legislators impose some restrictions on the right of the slave owners and provided some protection for the slaves in a weak position. The Author holds that the protection of the Athenian laws for the slaves is mainly em- bodied in three aspects： the protection from arbitrary killing by other freemen, the protection from any harm by other freemen, the right of asylum and the right to ask for changing the master. In the formulation of laws, the legislators were not for the slaves, but these laws had played a dual role in the actual operation： not only safeguarded the interests of the citizens and the masters, but also, to a certain extent, protected the personal safety of the slaves.