闽恢3301配制的4个杂交稻品种的光温特性研究

Photo-thermal characteristics of four rice varieties hybridized from Minhui 3301

应用温差、日长差的出穗日数对比和高温短日下出穗日数为指标，鉴定水稻光温特性。结果表明：闽恢3301配制的Ⅱ优3301、特优3301、闽优3301、天优3301等4个杂交稻品种的感温性弱（2级）、感光性中偏低（4级）、基本营养生长期长（9级）；其中，Ⅱ优3301和特优3301的基本营养生长期略长，感光性略弱；闽优3301和天优3301的基本营养生长期略短，感光性略强；Ⅱ优3301比特优3301，闽优3301比天优3301，感温性和感光性又略强。4个品种在福建省水稻安全生长季栽培，除在闽南作双季晚稻栽培外，光敏期日长13．0～13．8h，自然日长不会引发显著提早抽穗或延迟抽穗，气温成为制约生育期的主要气候因素。当平均气温提高1℃，播种至幼穗分化期缩短4．6～5．3d，播种至抽穗期缩短6．1～7．1d，全生长期缩短8．7～9．7d。

Photo-thermal characteristics of 4 hybrid rice were determined by comparing the days from sowing to heading under different temperatures and day light. The results indicated that Ⅱyou 3301, Teyou 3301, Minyou 3301 and Tianyou 3301, the four rice varieties hybridized from Minhui 3301, had a weak temperature susceptibility （Grade 1--2）, a medium photosensitivity （Grade 4） and a long basic vegetative period （Grade 9） . Among them, Ⅱyou 3301 and Teyou3301 had slightly longer basic vegetative period and slightly weaker photosensitivity, and Minyou 3301 and Tianyou 3301 had slightly shorter basic vegetative period and slightly stronger photosensitivity than the others. Ⅱyou 3301, as compared with Teyou 3301, and Minyou 3301, as compared with Tianyou 3301, had slightly stronger susceptibility and photosensitivity. When four hybrid rice varieties were planted in a safe growth season in Fujian, except for double cropping late rice cultivation in Southern Fujian, the day length during photosensitive period was 13--13.8 h. The natural day length did not lead to a significant early or late heading, and temperature was a major ecological factor during the growth period. When the average temperature increased by 1℃, the time from sowing to spike was shortened by 4.6--5.3 d, from sowing to heading shortened by 6.1--7.1 d, and the entire growing season shortened by 8.7--9.7d.