李、杏优良新品种的落花落果规律及保花保果措施研究

Dropping Regular and Protecting Measure of Flowers and Fruits on New Apricot and Plum Varieties

[目的]研究李、杏优良新品种的落花落果规律和保花保果措施。[方法]大蕾期调查花朵数,每隔4～5d观测1次花果数量的变化情况,直到果实采收期。于盛花期喷施营养元素、激素。[结果]李树在盛花后第5天开始落花,第8天达落花高峰;杏树在盛花后第4天开始落花,第8天达落花高峰,不同品种存在差异,极早熟品种骆驼黄杏盛花后第4天即达落花高峰,并持续5d。李树在盛花后第24天达落果高峰;杏树晚熟品种在盛花后第24～25天达落果高峰,早熟品种在盛花后第22天达落果高峰。大石早生李以花期喷硼砂或赤霉素骆驼黄杏以花期喷赤霉素或1200倍稀土串枝红杏以花期喷赤霉素或1200倍稀土、磷酸二氢钾、硼砂,丰仁杏、国仁杏均以花期喷磷酸二氢钾或硼砂提高坐果率效果显著。[结论]李、杏树在果实采收前均会出现2次落花落果高峰,为花后4～8d和花后22～25d。于盛花期喷施营养元素或激素可显著提高坐果率。

[Objective]The objective of this study were to observe the regularity of flower and fruit drop in plums and apricots and to protect flower and fruit setting. [Methods] Flower and fruit drop of plums and apricots were investigated from large flower bud stage to fruit harvest period,in every 4-5 d,and flowers of plums and apricots were sprayed with nutrients and hormones. [Results] Flower of plums started to drop after full flowering 5d and reached the peak after full flowering 8d; flower of apricots started to drop after full flowering 4d and reached the peak after full flowering 8d. Fruit drop of plums reached the peak after full flowering 24 d and fruit drop of apricots reached the peak after full flowering 24-25 d. Spraying of diferent nutrients or hormones in different cultivars could singificantly improved rate of fruit setting.[Conclusion] The peaks of Flower and fruit drop in plums and apricots were observed before fruit harvest period in 4-8 d after flowering and 22-25 d. The spraying of nutrients or hormones was the best way,could significantly improved rate of fruit setting.