小麦品种抗旱性形态指标比较研究

Comparative Study on Morphological Indexes of Drought Resistance of Wheat Varieties

[目的]为小麦抗旱育种及其抗旱性鉴定提供依据。[方法]以2002～2003及2003～2004年度黄淮冬麦区旱地组抗旱性鉴定的22个参试品种为供试材料,分别对其进行棚内干旱试验和棚外露天试验,并对各品种最高群体、株高、有效穗、穗粒数、千粒重、穗长、小穗数、不育小穗和小穗密集度的水分胁迫敏感因子(Csi)与籽粒抗旱指数进行相关及回归分析。[结果]所分析9个数量性状的Csi均大于0,其中株高和千粒重的平均Csi较高(分别为22.6和20.3),穗长和不育小穗的平均Csi较低(分别为0.6和1.0);有效穗、千粒重、小穗数、小穗密集度的CSi与籽粒抗旱指数均达显著相关水平,这4个指标可作为判定小麦品种抗旱性的形态指标。[结论]该研究确定了冬小麦品种的形态抗旱指标。

[Objective] The study was to provide the basis for drought-resistant breeding of wheat and the drought resistance identification of wheat arieties. [Method] With 22 wheat varieties tested in drought resistance identification of dryland group in Huang-huai valley winter wheat areas in 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 as the tested materials,the drought test inside the shed and the exposure test outside the shed were conducted. The correlation and regression relationships between water stress sensitive factors（Csi） of the maximum population,plant height,effective ears,grains per ear,1 000-seed weight,ear length,spikelet number,sterile spikelet and spikelet intensive degree of different varieties and the drought resistance index of grains were analyzed. [Result] The Csi of 9 analyzed quantitative characters were all bigger than 0 and that of plant height and 1 000-seed weight was higher （being 22.6 and 20.3 resp.） and that of ear length and sterile spikelet was lower（being 0.6 and 1.0 resp.）. The CSi of effective ears,1 000-seed weight,spikelet number and spikelet intensive degree all had significant correlation with the drought resistance index of wheat grains,so the 4 indexes could be taken as the morphological index of drought resistance of wheat varieties. [Conclusion] The study determined the morphological drought resistance indexes of winter wheat varieties.