孕期及新生儿脐带血铅影响因素的相关性研究

A correlation study on umbilical and maternal blood lead levels and influencing factors

目的探讨新生儿脐带血铅与其母体血铅等元素的相关性及其影响因素。方法抽取280例外来劳务孕妇为研究对象，采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法，测其孕早、中、晚期、分娩时血铅、钙、锌、铁、铜和锰元素水平及其新生儿脐带血铅水平，并对产妇进行问卷调查。结果280例新生儿脐血铅范围为3~151μg/L,血铅水平为38.6±19.5μg/L,几何均值35.9±2.8μg/L，新生儿脐血铅≥100μg/L者25例,占8.9%,新生儿脐血铅水平与母亲孕早、中、晚期及分娩时血铅水平显著正相关（r=0.351、 0.328、 0.639、 0.812，均 P〈0.05）；孕各期血铅均与对应期的血钙、血铁显著负相关；职业铅接触、邻近交通干线是危险因素,喝牛奶习惯为保护因素。结论新生儿血铅水平与母亲血铅、环境因素和饮食习惯有关；防控新生儿铅毒损害，应采取职业保护、环境改善、营养干预等多方位进行。

Objective To investigate correlation between lead level in umbilical cord of the neonate and that in maternal serum and its influencing factors, so as to provide basis for taking preventive measures. Methods 280 extrinsic pregnant women were collected as study subjects. By using graphite atomic absorption spectrophotometer,serum levels of Pb, Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn of pregnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy and at parturition and lead level in umbilical cord of the neonate were detected. In addition, the extrinsic pregnant women selected received questionnaire investigation. Correlation, stepwise regression analysis and T test were conducted in statistic analysis. Results The umbilical lead level of 280 neonates was ranged 3~151μg/L and their serum lead level was 38.6±19.5μg/L and the geometrical mean value was 35.9±2.8μg/L. 25 neonates had a lead level in umbilical cord ≥100μg/L, accounting for 8.9%.There were significant positive correlation between serum lead level of pergnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy and at parturition and their neonates’ lead level in umbilical cord（r=0.351, 0.328, 0.639, 0.812, all P〈0.05）. The serum lead levels of the pregnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy were sinificantly negatively correlated to serum levels of them at same periods. Stepwise regression analysis showed that occupational lead exposure, next to the main traffic ways were risk factors of umbilical lead level, while drinking milk of the pregnant women was its protective factor. Conclusion The lead level in umbilical cord of the neonate is associated with environmental factors, maternal serum lead level during pregnancy and dietary habbits of the pregnant women. In order to prevent lead damage to the nonate, allaround meassures such as adopting occupational protection, improving the environment and nutrional intervention during pregnancy should be taken.