美国财产法理论的历史基础

Historical foundation of the theory of American Property Law

美国财产法理论的历史基础主要是建立在洛克的个人自然财产权理论及布莱克斯通的个人绝对财产权观念之上的。洛克在遵循西方自然法理论传统上提出的个人自然财产权理论及劳动价值与征服理论在那个时代占居统治地位,而布莱克斯通在继承洛克个人自然财产权理论的基础上具体发展出的个人绝对财产权观念与"独有的和专断的支配权"主张则是那个时代的一贯特征。他们的个人自然财产权理论和绝对财产权观念作为18世纪美国财产法的理论来源和中心特点,直接培植了美国财产法个人自然权利理论的历史基础。但在美国,意识形态从来都不是一元化的,其财产法理论基础中同时也包含了强调财产权社会性的古典共和思想。

Historical foundation of the theory of American Property Law is mainly based on Lock＇ s theory of individual natural property and Blackstone＇ s theory of individual absolute property. Lock followed the theory of Western natural law and proposed the theory of rights of individual natural property and the theory of labor value and conquest. On the basis of Lock＇ s theory, Blackstone developed the theory of individual absolute property and the idea of ＂sole and despotic dominion＂. Lock＇ s theory of individual natural property and Blaekstone＇ s theory of absolute property were major sources and main features of the American Property Law in the 18th century. However, the ideology in America is not unitled; the historical foundation of the theory of American Property Law also influenced by the classical idea of republicanism which emphasized the sociality of property.