夜间遗尿症儿童气质与家庭环境特征研究

Study on the characteristics of temperament and family environment of children with nocturnal enuresis

目的探讨夜间遗尿症儿童的气质纬度及家庭环境特点，为其综合干预与治疗提供理论依据？方法采用问卷调查与专科随访相结合的方式，选择5～6岁夜间遗尿症儿童94例，采用病例对照研究的方法探讨夜间遗尿症儿童的气质纬度和家庭环境特征。结果夜间遗尿症儿童气质维度方面的活动水平、反应强度、坚持度及反应闭得分[分别为（3．89±0．83）分，（4．02±0．88）分，（4．25±0．57）分，（3．11±0．67）分]高于对照组[分别为（3．66±0．78）分，（3．59±0．79）分，（4．04±0．58）分，（2．94±0．69）分]，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），规律性、趋避性、适应度及注意分散度得分[分别为（4．57±1．08）分，（4．51±0．94）分，（4．77±0．75）分，（4．42±0．84）分]低于对照组[分别为（4．80±0．84）分，（4．90±0．89）分，（5．25±0．80）分，（4．65±0．73）分]，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；家庭环境特征方面病例组在情感表达、独立性、成功性、知识性、娱乐性方面的得分[分别为（5．62±1．68）分，（4．83±1．74）分，（5．85±1．77）分，（3．94±1．87）分，（4．72±2．20）分]低于对照组[分别为（6．13±1．39）分，（5．56±1．41）分，（6．46±1．90）分，（4．72±2．04）分，（5．36±2．32）分]，差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01），而控制性的得分（4．51±2．08）分高于对照组（4．03±1．91）分，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论夜间遗尿症儿童有独特的气质特点，其家庭环境不良。在对夜间遗尿症儿童进行综合干预时，应改善其家庭环境并结合其气质特点进行。

Objective To explore the characteristics of temperament and family environment of children with nocturnal enuresis and provide theoretical evidence for comprehensive intervention. Methods 94 children with nocturnal enuresis aged 5 - 6 years old were chosen to study the characteristics of temperament and family environment by questionnaires and follow-up examination. Case-control study was conducted. Results Many aspects of temperamental characteristics of children with nocturnal enuresis were different from those of the control group, among which the activity level, intensity of reaction, persistence and threshold of responsiveness scores （（3.89±0.83）,（4.02±0.88）,（4.25 ±0.57）,（3. 11 ±0.67）） were higher than those of control group （ （4.57 ± 1.08 ） , （ 4.51 ± 0. 94 ） , （ 4.77 ± 0. 75 ）, （4.42 ± 0. 84 ） ） , the difference between the two groups had statistical significance （P 〈 0. 05 ）, while the rhythmicity, approach-withdrawal, adaptability and distractibility scores （ （4.57 ± 1.08 ） , （ 4.51 ± 0. 94 ） , （ 4.77 ± 0. 75 ） , （ 4.42 ± 0. 84 ） ） were lower than those of control group （ （4.80 ± 0. 84 ） , （ 4.90 ± 0. 89 ） , （ 5.25 ± 0. 80 ） , （ 4.65 ± 0. 73 ） ）, the difference between the two groups has statistical signifleance（P〈0. 05 ）. Children with nocturnal enuresis lived in worse family environment. The expres- siveness,independence,achievement orientation, intellectual-cultural orientation and active-recreational orientation scores（（5.62±1.68）,（4.83±1.74）,（5.85±1.77）,（3.94±1.87）,（4.72±2.20））werelower than those of control group （ （6.13 ± 1. 39 ）, （5.56 ± 1.41 ）, （6.46 ± 1. 90 ）, （4.72 ± 2.04 ）, （5.36 ± 2.32 ） ）, the difference between the two groups had significant statistical signifieance （P 〈 0.01 ） , while the control score （4.51 ± 2.08） was higher than that of control group （4.03 ± 1.91 ） , the difference between the two groups had statistical significance（P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The temperamental characteristics of children with nocturnal enuresis are different from those of normal children and a relatively bad family environment are observed. Therefore, we should take their temperament into consideration and improve their family environment when canting out intervening measure, which can promote their healing.