步态运动学及动力学的研究方法

Research methods of gait kinematics and kinetics

背景:运动学运用几何学的方法来研究物体的运动,通常不考虑力和质量等因素的影响;动力学主要研究人作用于物体的力与物体运动的关系。目的:通过对运动学及动力学研究设备的介绍,引出运动学及动力学的研究现状,为以后人们对新设备的研究与新的步态研究实验提供依据。方法:以gait,kinetics,kinematics为检索词,检索Pubmed数据库(1999-01/2009-06)。以步态,运动学,动力学为检索词,检索CNKI数据库(1999-01/2009-06)。文献检索语种限制为英文和中文。纳入有关步态的运动、动力学研究设备,排除其他运动学、动力学研究实验,排除较为陈旧,重复性研究。结果与结论:计算机初检得到2367篇文献,根据纳入排除标准,对33篇文献进行分析。在步态分析方法上,国内外己经进行了多方面的研究,内容虽各有不同,但就对步态的测试方面,使用的仪器和方法几乎一致,即使用摄影或摄像记录和计算测量运动学参数,使用测力台记录动力学参数,也有少数使用足底压力分布器测量更精确的足-地压力分布规律,然后进行综合的统计分析等。动力学及运动学步态分析的应用不仅在康复医疗上,而且现正广泛运用到竞技体育和与之相关的鞋类制作,常用的方法是平面定点摄像及测力台分析。

BACKGROUND：Kinematics studies the movement of the objects using a method of geometry,with strength and quality not taken into consideration; Kinetics major studies the force of people acting on objects and its relationship with the movement of objects. OBJECTIVE：Through an introduction to kinematics and kinetics research equipment,this study was aimed to lead to the current status of kinematics and kinetics,to provide for experimental basis for the research of new equipment and gait experiments. METHODS：Taking ＂gait,kinetics,kinematics＂ in English for the search terms,Pubmed database （1999-01/2009-06） was retrieved. Taking ＂gait,kinematics,kinetics＂ in Chinese for the search terms,CNKI database （1999-01/2009-06） was searched. Literatures were limited to English and Chinese languages. The kinematics and kinetics research equipment regarding the gait were included,while other kinematics and kinetics experiments were excluded,also outdated and repetitive researches were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Totally 2 367 literature were obtained from the computer screen,and 33 documents of them were involved for analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In case of gait analysis method,at home and abroad scholars have carried out extensive studies although the content are quite different,they used identical instruments and methods in the testing of gait,in spite of photography or video recording were applied to calculate and measure kinematic parameters,the force platform was all used to record kinetic parameters. Also there are a small number of studies using the distribution of plantar pressure to measure more precise foot-ground pressure distribution,and then proceed to a comprehensive statistical analysis. Kinetics and kinematics gait analysis is applied not only in rehabilitation medicine,but also widely in athletics sports and the related footwear manufactures,the commonly used method is the plane fixed-point photograph and force platform analysis.