犬腰椎椎体解剖学测量及犬椎体模型在前路融合中的应用

Application of anatomical measurement and canine lumbar spine models in anterior fusion

背景:灵长类动物无疑是脊柱内置入物研究的最佳模型。然而,伦理和经济上的问题却限制了该类模型的广泛应用。杂种犬腰椎与人类的解剖结构有一定的相似性,且来源容易,费用低廉,可以作为灵长类动物模型的有益补充。目的:测量犬腰椎相关解剖数据,探讨其作为腰椎前路内固定模型的可行性。方法:选取成年健康实验犬9只,分别测量腰椎椎体及椎间盘的横径、矢状径和高度,并行犬用钛合金人工椎体置换,观察置换后犬植骨融合情况。结果与结论:犬腰椎椎体及椎间盘矢径、横径、高度自L1至L7逐渐递增,椎体高度远大于其矢状径。人工椎体置换后所有动物均成活,除1例因手术操作造成术后双下肢不全截瘫外,其余实验犬均在术后12～72h内逐渐站立活动。影像学及组织学观察均证实术后实验犬植骨融合情况良好。提示犬椎体模型设计合理、操作容易,费用低廉,可以就融合术后骨组织与内置入物的相容性及钛-骨界面上骨组织长入情况进行观察,是一种简单、方便的研究腰椎前路内固定手术的动物模型。

BACKGROUND： Primate is the best animal to establish a model of spinal implants. However, ethics and cost limit its application. Mixed-breed dogs have similar anatomic structures as human. Moreover, it is easy to obtain with low cost, so it may replace primate to serve as models. OBJECTIVE： To determine the feasibility of canine lumbar spine to establish the anterior interfixation model following measurements of related anatomic data. METHODS： A total of 9 adult healthy dogs were selected. The transversal diameter, sagittal diameter and height of vertebral body and disc were measured, and the artificial vertebral body replacement was performed. Bone graft fusion was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： The transversal diameter, sagittal diameter and height of vertebral body and disc increased gradually from L1 to L7, and the height was greatly exceeded its sagittal diameter. All dogs survived, but one was paraplegia. All the others stood and acted in 12 h to 72 h after operation. The fusion effect was proved to be good by imageology and histology. The establishment of models was simple and cost-effective, and the biocompatibility of bone tissues and implants, as well as the bone tissue ingrowth can be observed. The lumbar spine of dog can be used as an anterior interfixation model in vitro test.