16种室内观赏植物对甲醛净化效果及生理生化变化

The capacity of 16 ornamental plants on purifying indoor formaldehyde pollution and their physiological response to formaldehyde stress

采用气体密封舱熏气法模拟居室装修后的甲醛污染环境,对16种常见室内观赏植物进行甲醛熏气处理,以熏气12h后植物单位叶面积吸收甲醛的量作为指标评价了不同植物对甲醛气体的净化能力,同时测定了熏气后植物的外观形态变化和叶片的SPAD值、相对电导率、丙二醛含量及POD活性等指标。结果显示,被测植物在一定程度上均可以有效吸收甲醛,单位面积吸收量从大到小依次为香石竹(Dianthus caryophyllus)、瑞典常春藤(Lsodon amethystoides)、蚊净香草(Saivia spp.)、比利时杜鹃(Rhododendron hybrida)、柠檬(Citrus limon)、袖珍椰子(Chamaedorea elegans)、龟背竹(Monstera deliciosa)、冷水花(Pilea cadierei)、长寿花(Kalanchoe blossfeldiana)、‘粉冠军’(Anthurium spp.)、巢蕨(Neottopteris nidus)、吊竹梅(Zebrina pendula)、栀子花(Gardenia jasminoides var.grandiflora)、百合竹(Dracaena reflex)、口红花(Aeschynanthus radicans)、孔雀竹芋(Calathea makoyana)。不同植物在甲醛熏气后表现出不同程度的受害反应和生理生化指标的变化,综合分析结果表明香石竹、瑞典常春藤、蚊净香草、袖珍椰子、冷水花、巢蕨等对甲醛的综合净化能力和抗性较好。

Sixteen indoor houseplants were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing formaldehyde concentrations in a simulated indoor environment,and the absorption capacities were compared and ranked according to the absorption rate per leaf area after 12 hours＇ formaldehyde treatment.Meanwhile,the leaf SPAD value,plasma membrane permeability,MDA content and POD activity were measured to assess those plants＇ physiological responses to formaldehyde stress.The results showed that the capacities of different plants in removing formaldehyde were different,and the order of the plants according to the removal capacities measured was Dianthus caryophyllus Lsodon amethystoides Saivia spp Rhododendron hybrida Citrus limon Chamaedorea elegans Monstera deliciosa Pilea cadierei Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Anthurium spp. Neottopteris nidus Zebrina pendula Gardenia jasminoides var.grandiflora Dracaena reflex Aeschynanthus radicans Calathea makoyana.The leaf SPAD values,relative conductivity,MDA content and POD activity of all the sixteen species changed after formaldehyde treatment and the resistances of different species to formaldehyde stress were different.According to formaldehyde removal capacity and the resistance measured in the experiment,6 houseplants （including Dianthus caryophyllus,Lsodon amethystoides,Saivia spp,Chamaedorea elegans,Pilea cadierei and Neottopteris nidus） had both higher removal capacities and higher resistance that were suitable to be used in indoor decoration.