气候变化对树轮异常结构的影响及应用研究进展

Advances in research on the relationships between climatic change and pathological tree-rings structures

树轮异常结构作为反映气候变化的一个重要参数,已被广大生态学家所重视并应用。树轮异常结构包括霜轮、浅轮、伪轮、畸形木材反应木、树脂道、火疤等。这些异常年轮结构与温度、降水、光照等气候因子有着复杂的相关关系。温度对年轮异常结构的影响主要表现在低温对形成层生长的抑制作用,从而形成霜轮、浅轮。生长期内干旱,形成层生长时间短,甚至使形成层生长减慢或停止,从而形成伪轮。高强度的光照会引起高温少雨,加剧旱情的发生,从而导致伪轮。另外,通过对树轮异常结构的分析,可用这些特征来重建森林干扰的历史,如火山喷发、火灾、冰灾、虫害、旱灾、地震等。这些研究在帮助人们了解和研究古气候变化对森林植被的影响,以及预测未来全球变化对陆地生态系统的影响有重要的理论和现实意义。文章综述了气候变化对树轮异常结构的影响的研究进展和应用,并概述了发展前景,希望能加快和拓宽这一领域的发展。

As an important parameter to show the climatic changes,pathological structures of tree rings have been paid more attention to and applied by lots of ecologists.Pathological structures of tree-rings,which include frost rings,light rings,false rings,reaction wood,resin duct,et al,are significantly correlated with some climatic factors,such as temperature,precipitation and solar radiation.Low temperature can decrease the growth rate of the trunk cambium,thus frost rings and light rings being formed.In the dry years,the trunk cambium has such a short growth period that it even stops to grow,which leads to the formation of false rings.High-intensity solar radiation can cause high-temperature,less rain and aggravate drought,which results in false rings.In addition,through the analysis of pathological tree-rings structure,the paper can reconstruct the history of forest disturbance,such as volcanic eruptions,fire,ice disaster,pests,drought and earthquakes.These achievements can greatly help not only probe into the impact of paleo-climate on forest vegetation but also predict the effect of global climate change on terrestrial ecosystem.This paper reviewed the advances and applications in this field,which aimed to widen people＇s knowledge and accelerate the development of this field.