从“四林外”到大房:鄱阳湖区张氏谱系的建构及其“渔民化”结局——兼论民国地方史料的有效性及“短时段”分析问题

From "Beyond the Four Woods" to the Main Branch:Construction of the Genealogy of the Zhang Lineage in the Poyang Lake Area and Its Eventual Subjugation to the Fishing Industry—with a Discussion of the Validity of Republican-era Local Historical Data and "

本文结合20世纪中期以来鄱阳湖区渔业生产环境和秩序的剧变及渔业资源争夺问题,解读由一位渔民精英保存并继续"生产"的一批民间文献,重点探讨两修《张氏宗谱》之间的关系及其变化原因。"四林"张氏在道光年间拟制出源远流长的谱系,且以诗书传家人才辈出自诩。到1946年修谱时才有条件地把"三张"渔民世系收为大房,折射出光复之后地方家族势力的新举措,并可能借此为选举县参议员拉票。1988年再次修谱,"三张"渔民成为倡导者和骨干,并将捕捞区域图附入新谱,借此反映渔民的焦虑和利益诉求,张氏宗谱明显"渔民化"。由此反映民间文献也有其不断"生产"和更新的过程,近代以来中国社会变化更为频繁,故宜作"短时段"划分,对民国地方史料作更确切的把握和解释。

By taking the drastic changes in the organization and production environment of the Poyang Lake area fishing industry since the mid-20th century and linking them to struggles over resources in the fishing industry,this article explains a body of local historical data that one elite fisherman has preserved and continued to 'produce.' This article focuses on the relationship between the two editions of the Zhang Family Genealogy(Zhang Shi Zongpu)and the reasons for the changes they underwent.In the Daoguang period,the 'Four Woods' Zhang lineage composed an ancient pedigree in which they boasted that their line had produced generation after generation of brilliant literati.By the time the Genealogy was revised in 1946,the 'Three Zhangs' lineage—composed of fishermen—had conditionally been given the status of a major branch.This was a reflection of new exertions of local family power after the end of the war,and probably was used to canvass votes for the election of county senators.In 1988,when the Genealogy was revised again,the fishermen of the 'Three Zhangs' lineage had become the project's prime movers,and inserted a map of their fishing territories into the new genealogy,through which they expressed their anxieties and staked their claims as fishermen.The Zhang Family Genealogy had clearly been taken over by the fishing industry.This is a demonstration that local historical data have their own processes of continuous 'production' and renewal,and that changes in Chinese society have come more rapidly in modern times.Therefore we need to divide modern history into 'micro-periods' in order to achieve a better grasp and explanation of Republican local historical data.