人体基因财产权研究——“人格性财产权”的证成与施用

A Study on Property Rights for Human Gene:Justification and Application of "Personal Property Rights"

按照经典权利理论中人/物、人格权/财产权的二元界分逻辑,人体基因作为整全的人身的组成部分,处于"人格权"的保护之下,被禁止用于谋利性交易。然而,随着基因科技的发展及基因的产业化应用,人/物的界限被内移到了人自身,人体基因也日益外化而具有独立的经济价值。当基因科技的施为力量已在某种程度上消弭了经典权利理论所依仗的人/物二元界分的基础时,试图非此即彼地以人格权或财产权来界定人体基因的法律属性,都不会实现关于基因利益的公平分配和确保人格不被减等的结果。问题的出路,似乎在于在人格权和财产权的混同处,提出一个新的"人格性财产权"的范畴界定人体基因的法律属性,并综合运用人格权和财产权的保护机制来保障基因资源提供者的利益。

According to the dualist division of persona/rem, personal rights/property rights in classical theories of rights, human gene is categorized as personal rights and prohibited to profiting transaction since it is a part of an integrated human body. However, with the development of generic science and technology and the industrialization of genes, the boundary of persona/rein shifted to human itself, and human gene exteriorized to gain independent economic values. Since the power of genetic science and technology has in some extent undermined the basis of dualist division of persona/rem, it seems to unreasonable to apply this either/or approach to decide the legal nature of human gene for a fair distribution of interest and protecting personality form degrading. The way out lies in the combination of personal rights and property rights, and to set forth a new category of ＂personal property rights＂ in defining the legal nature of human gene, and the protection of interest of gene providers with an integrated mechanism.