明初选家之唐诗观及其渊源论略——以高棅《唐诗品汇》对元和诗人之选评为中心

The View of Tang Poetry of the Compilers in the Early Ming Dynasty and A Brief View of its Origin——With the Basis on Gao Bing's Comments on the Poets of Yuanhe in The Appreciative Selection of Tang Poetry

基于崇盛唐而薄中晚的唐诗观,高棅对元和诗人总的评价不高。然就各人各体而论,元和十大诗人之品级又颇有差异。其中柳宗元五言古诗最受重视,其次为刘禹锡、韩愈、张籍、王建的五七古和绝句;至于孟郊、白居易、贾岛、李贺、元稹诸人之作,则较难入其法眼。探源溯流,高棅此种态度及其选诗标准深受元人杨士弘《唐音》之影响,而南宋严羽及其《沧浪诗话》则是杨、高二人元和诗观乃至唐诗观的总源头。高棅在杨士弘之后,将严羽的相关诗论在《唐诗品汇》这一大型选本的选诗实践中予以进一步落实和张扬,遂对整个明代的诗学趋尚产生了深远影响。

Gao Bing,the author of The Appreciative Selection of Tang Poetry,took a biased opinion to the poets in the imperial years of Yuanhe in the Tang Dynasty from his view of Tang poetry which admired the poets in the prosperous but despised those in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.This attitude and standard of selecting poems of Gao＇s owed much to the Voice of the Tang Dynasty by Yang Shihong,a scholar in the Yuan Dynasty.Above all,both Gao and Yang owed their view of poetry in the imperial years of Yuanhe and of Tang poetry altogether to The Appreciative Comments on Poetry in Canglang by Yan Yu in the South Song Dynasty.In The Appreciative Selection of Tang Poetry,Gao brought into practice and promoted Yan Yu＇s poetics,which exerted a profound influence on the poetics in the Ming Dynasty as a whole.