柯亨对诺齐克获取正义社会制度取向的剖驳析评

An Analytic Comment on Cohen's Analytic Refutation of Nozick's Orientation to Obtaining the Institution of a Just Society

诺齐克以自己提出的获取正义原则为依据,断定资本主义制度是正当的社会制度,称之为诺齐克获取正义社会制度取向。柯亨把诺齐克获取正义社会制度取向理解为一个逻辑发展的过程,并将这个过程具体理解为三个步骤,批驳了诺齐克为资本主义制度提供的正当性证明。柯亨的批驳可从以下两点来分析:第一,通过考察共同所有以外的其他反事实的情形及其相应的社会制度,断定资本主义制度并不能保证人们的状况不会因为一部分人的私人占有而变坏;第二,从"客观家长主义"的角度批驳了诺齐克对资本主义制度的诡辩,断定资本主义制度使得无产者在权利中立解释意义上的自由方面的"状况变坏"。柯亨得出结论认为,资本主义的初始获得使得他人的状况变坏,因而是不正当的。柯亨对诺齐克获取正义社会制度取向的剖驳固然具有重要的理论和现实意义,但是也存在着严重缺陷。

Based on his principle of obtaining justice, Nozick asserted that capitalist system was a legitimate social system, which can be regarded as Nozick＇ s orientation to obtaining the institution of a just society. However, Cohen considered Nozick＇ s orientation to be a logical process of development, which could then be divided into three steps, thus refuting the legitimate verification offered by Nozick for capitalist system from two angles. Finally, Cohen concluded that the initial obtainment of capitalism made the condition of others worsen, so it was illegitimate. Although Cohen＇ s analytic refutation of Nozick＇ s orientation to obtaining the institution of a just.society was of great theoretical and realistic significance, his theory has some very serious defects in itself.