完善失业保险之微观保障及宏观管理功能研究——基于金融危机的启示

The research on the micro-protection and macro-economic management functions of the unemployment insurance

我国失业保险制度起步晚,机制还不健全,尚存在微观上保障不足,宏观上覆盖面窄、不利于其天然双向调节经济波动功能的有效发挥等问题,金融危机中的表现有力证明了这一点。本文研究认为:应深刻总结危机中的经验教训,在不超越发展阶段、充分权衡公平与效率的前提下,一方面,失业保险需要进一步完善制度设计、提高覆盖面,特别是失业风险较高的农民工,切实提高保障水平和保障能力;另一方面,应提高失业保险基金收支在应对经济波动方面的灵活性,充分发挥其宏观上调节需求、平滑波动的功能,随着参保率的提高,基金规模的加大,这方面的空间也将随之拓展。

The unemployment insurance in China is a recent development, therefore its operational mechanism are still incomplete, and there are still the problems of insufficient protection at the micro-level and narrow coverage at the macro-level. This has affected the effective playing of its role as a natural bidirectional adjustor for smoothing e- conomic fluctuation. The financial crisis has forcefully confirmed this assertion. The paper held the opinion that, we should draw upon the lessons and experiences of the financial crisis, and on the precondition of not overstepping the current economic development stage and with a careful balancing of fair play and efficiency, further improve on the policy design to lift the protection level and capability of unemployment insurance, especially for rural migrant labors liable to high unemployment risks. We should also enhance the flexible response of the unemployment insur- ance fund to economic fluctuation and fully display its function of modulating demands and smoothing over volatility on the macro-level. Along with the increase of the participation ratio and the growing of the fund, the room for ex- ploiting this function should also be expanded.