欧盟环境刑事执法的有效性分析

Effectiveness of Criminal Enforcement of Environmental Law in European Union

随着环境污染的加剧和环境污染事故主体的多元化,通过刑法保护环境已经成为欧盟各国立法者普遍达成的共识。虽然欧盟各国在立法模式和执法方式上还存在着很多差异,也面临不同法系共存的现状,但在环境刑事执法上各国却存在着诸多的相似之处和共同的困境。本文分析了欧盟各国环境立法的具体措施,以欧盟环境刑事执法的现状为视角,探讨环境刑事执法作为环境案件终极救济手段的有效性。

With the increasing pollutions and multi-subjects of the environment damage incidents, legislators in the European countries have reached the consensus of adopting articles to the penal code against environment harm. Even though the legislative modes and enforcement types differentiate among European countries and different legal systems are symbiotic at the same time, similar legal enforcement and dilemma could also be found within the union countries. This paper analyses the current legal methods in legal framework of the EU countries, and discusses the effectiveness of applications of criminal law as the ultimate relief mean to the environmental damage in the real practice.