纳米药物载体的研究及临床应用

Research and clinical application of nano-drug carriers

背景:与普通制剂的药物相比,纳米药物载体具有药物作用时间延长、疗效增加、毒副反应小等优点。但目前将纳米粒、纳米脂质体、聚合物胶束等纳米药物载体研究应用于临床的报道甚少。目的:从纳米药物载体的特性、种类和制备方法等方面进行综述,阐明纳米药物载体在药剂学中最新研究动态和临床应用进展。方法:通过计算机检索Medline数据库1991-01/2009-12的相关文献,检索词为"Nano-drug carriers,nanoparticles,nano-liposomes,clinical application",并限定文章语言种类为"English"。同时计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库1994-01/2009-12的相关文献,检索词"纳米药物载体、纳米粒、纳米脂质体、临床应用",并限定文章语言种类为中文。纳入标准:①文章所述内容应与纳米药物载体的研究及临床应用密切相关。②同一领域选择近期发表或在权威杂志上发表的文章。排除标准:①重复性研究。②Meta分析。结果与结论:共检索到360篇文献,对资料进行初审,文献的来源主要是通过对纳米药物和纳米药物载体的研究进展,以及纳米药物载体在临床医学中的应用等情况进行汇总分析,共选取28篇文献,其中25篇为综述,其余均为临床或基础实验研究。纳米药物载体具有特异性,靶向性,定量准确、易吸收等特点,对其深入研究可在一定程度上起到预防和治疗疾病的作用。通过制备纳米级载体与具有特异性药物相结合,以得到具有自动靶向和定量定时释药的纳米智能药物,能促进纳米生物技术的发展,为临床诊断和治疗提供可靠的依据。

BACKGROUND：Compared with ordinary preparation,nano-drug carriers have the advantages of prolonged drug effects,increased therapeutic effects and small toxicity.However,reports concerning the application of nanoparticles,nano-liposomes,polymer micelles,nano-smart drug,polymer nano-body medicine,Dendrimers and other nanoscale drug carriers are few.OBJECTIVE：To summarize the characteristics,types and preparation methods of nano-drug carriers,and to elucidate its research progress.METHODS：The Medline database was searched by computer with Keywords of ＂Nano-drug carriers,nanoparticles,nano-liposomes,clinical application＂ to find literatures published between January 1991 to December 2009,and the language was limited to English.Simultaneously,articles published from January 1994 to December 2009 were searched in Chinese Journal Full-text database with the same key words,and the language was limited to Chinese.Inclusion criteria：①Articles are closely related to the research of nano-drug carrier.②Related researches published on core journals in the latest years were preferential in selection.Exclusion criteria：①Repeatability study.②Meta analysis.RESULTS AND CONCIUSION：A total of 360 documents were seized by primary screen,finally 28 sub-standard literatures entered further analysis,including 25 reviews and 3 clinical or basic experiments.The nano-drug carriers are characterized by specificity,targeting,accurate and absorbable,which can be used in preventing and curing disease.The combination of nano carriers and specific drugs can promote the development of nano-biotechnology,and provide a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.