纳米药物的靶向作用及不良反应

Targeting and adverse reactions of nanometer drugs

目的:探讨纳米药物的靶向作用及其在疾病治疗中的不良反应。方法:由第一作者以"纳米药物,纳米微粒,药物载体,靶向作用,不良反应"为检索词,在中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI:2001/2009)中,采用电子检索的方式进行文献检索,语言设定为中文。纳入主题内容与纳米药物的靶向作用及不良反应联系紧密的文章,排除Meta分析、与主题无关的文章及重复性研究。共纳入18篇文章,归纳总结纳米药物靶向作用及不良反应的研究现状。结果:纳米药物与普通制剂的药物相比,具有较大的表面积、较强的化学活性、较快的吸收速度,在通过生物体的各种屏障、控制药物的释放速度、设定药物的靶向性等许多方面,纳米药物都具有一般药物不可替代的优越性。结论:靶向性纳米药物制剂与以往药物剂型比较,最突出的优点是具有明显的靶向性,也就是说它能将药按设计途径输送到药物的靶位。不仅可提高疗效,而且可降低药物的不良反应。纳米药物作为崭新的一类制剂,为治疗一些难治性疾病提供了崭新的思路,给医药界带来了观念性变革。但一些纳米材料显示出毒性特征,特别是纳米材料与人体或环境相互作用的后果还不清楚。因此在纳米材料被加工成商业化产品之前,应充分研究其生物学效应、作用机制及其毒性的消除措施,为合理利用纳米材料奠定理论基础。

OBJECTIVE：To explore targeting of nanometer drugs and the adverse reaction during disease treatment.METHODS：The first author retrieved China National Knowledge Infrastructure with the Keywords of ＂nanometer drug,nanometer particle,drug carrier,targeting,adverse reaction＂ for articles published from 2001 to 2009 in Chinese.The articles addressing close content of targeting and adverse reactions of nanometer drugs were included,and Meta analysis,irrelevant or duplicated articles were excluded.Finally,18 articles were included.We summarized the present studies concerning targeting and adverse reactions of nanometer drugs.RESULTS：Compared with common drugs,nanometer drugs had great surface area,strong chemical activity,and rapid rate of absorption.Nanometer drugs process a superiority compared with common drugs in aspects of traversing various barriers of the body,controlling release speed of drugs,and setting drug targeting.CONCLUSION：Compared with previous drugs,the targeting nanometer drugs present significant targeting.i.e.it can bring drugs to the targeting site.It not only can elevate curative effects,but decrease adverse reactions.Nanometer drugs as a new preparation provide a new thought for treating some refractory diseases,and bring a reformation for medical research.However,some nanometer materials show toxic properties,and especially the outcomes of interaction of nanometer materials to human or environment are still unclear.Therefore,the biological effects,action mechanism and elimination measures of toxicity of nanometer materials should be completely studied prior to the nanometer materials are made into commercialization products,which will bring a basic rationale for reasonable application of nanometer materials.