造血干细胞移植后免疫重建

Reconstitution of the immune system after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

造血干细胞移植（HSCT）已广泛应用于临床，是治疗血液系统疾患、实体瘤、基因缺陷及自身免疫性疾病的重要手段干细胞移植伴随着严重的免疫缺陷，这一时期，患者有合并严重感染的风险固有免疫恢复迅速．NK细胞、树突状细胞移植后数周内即可恢复。而适应性免疫系统恢复缓慢，T细胞和B细胞移植后数月才可恢复正常，而T细胞功能恢复需要数年的时间：研究造血系统各细胞存移植后数量、功能上的恢复规律，对如何加快免疫重建，降低移植死亡率有重要意义.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT） has been widely used in clinical practice. It has become an important treatment for hematological disorders, solid tumors, genetic defects and autoimmune diseases. HSCT is associated with severe immune deficiency. As a result, patients receiving HSCT are at high risk of infections. Innate immunity, including NK cell and dendritic cells, recovers within weeks after transplantation. By contrast, adaptive immunity recovers much slower. B- and T-cell counts return to normal level during the first few months after transplantation. However, T-cell＇,immunity may remain impaired for years. To study the quantitative and functional of recovery of cells in the hematopoietic system is vital important for the understanding of how to accelerate immune reconstitution and to reduce transplant mortality.