震后学生、教师及群众三组幸存者的心理卫生状况比较

Comparison among the mental profile of earthquake student, teacher and the masses survivors

目的调查地震灾后学生、教师及群众三组群体幸存者的创伤后应激障碍症状、焦虑及抑郁症状的检出率及严重程度，探讨灾后不同群体幸存者的心理特征。方法在汶川地震后的第26天，国家中医药管理局心理救援队在四川德阳、绵竹地区用自编一般情况表、事件影响量表、傅虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评定了学生（42例）、教师（40例）和群众（37例）幸存者的心理卫生状况。结果①地震后学生、教师及群众三组事件影响量表（IES）≥20分的分别是69％、80％及91．9％。三组人群的创伤后应激障碍症状（PTSD）严重程度有显著性差异（F=5．611，P=0．005〈0．01）；其中，群众组高于学生组（P=0．001），学生组和教师组、群众组和教师组的差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。②焦虑：这三组人群均显著高于全国常模（，值分别为6．199、4．741、7．366，P均〈O．001）。三组之间焦虑程度不同，差异有统计学意义（F=3．376，P=0．038）；其中，群众组显著高于学生组和教师组（分别为P=0．029、P=0．022）；学生组与教师组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③抑郁：三组人群均显著高于全国常模（t值分别为2．218、2．298、3．462，P值分别为P=0．032、P=0．027、P=0．001）。三组之间差异无统计学意义（F=0．670，P=0．514）。结论在地震灾后约一个月，学生、教师及群众幸存者的创伤后应激障碍症状、焦虑及抑郁症状明显，其中群众组的PTSD症状、焦虑症状更为严重。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and severity degree of post traumatic stress disorder（PTSD）, anxiety and depression, and to explore the different mental profile in different groups involved with an earthquake. Methods 26 days after 8.0 grade earthquake in Wenchuan, psychological rescue team of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine went to some communities in Deyang and Mianzhu area of Sichuan province. In this period, a total of 119 survivors, including students（42）, teacher（40） and masses （37）, were investigated through impact of event scale （IES）, self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） and self-rating depression scale（SDS）. Results ①The detection rate of score over 19 in IES in 3 groups （students, teacher and masses） were 69%, 80% and 91.9%, respectively. There was significant difference among these 3 groups （F= 5.611, P= 0.005 〈 0.01） in respect of severity degree of PTSD. ②The values of severity degree of anxiety in 3 groups were significant higher than normal value （P〈0.001, all）. There was also significant difference among these 3 groups （F=3.376, P=0.038〈0.05） in respect of severity degree of anxiety, with the masses group being significant higher than student and teacher group（P=0.029, P=0.022, respectively）. ③The values of severity degree of depression in these 3 groups were significant higher than normal value （P〈0.05, all）. But there was no significant difference （F= 0.670, P=0.514） among these 3 groups. Conclusion The results suggested the importance to assess PTSD, anxiety and depression in post-disaster area, especially PTSD and anxiety evaluations in the masses group.