饮食教育对骨科术后患者便秘的影响

Effect of Diet Education on Constipation of Orthopedic Surgery Patients

目的通过饮食教育影响骨科术后患者进食结构,预防便秘的发生。方法将骨科择期手术的130例术后患者随机分为实验组67例,对照组63例。实验组于术前1天及术后2d分2次接受专门的饮食教育;对照组接受常规指导。记录患者术后6d内的进食种类、量及排便情况。结果实验组术后1、2d主食进食量及第3天蔬菜进食量均明显高于对照组(t=2.33、2.02、2.02,P均<0.05),实验组与对照组术后便秘的发生率分别为11.94%、80.95%。结论对患者行饮食教育能够有效降低术后便秘的发生,在进行饮食教育时应强调术后适宜的主食量和蔬菜量,特别应重视患者术后第1天的进食情况。术后早期恢复饮食是预防便秘的关键。

Objective To prevent constipation of patients after orthopedic surgery by diet education and find out the relationship between diet education and food-taking pattern of orthopedic postoperative patients. Methods We divided 130 orthopedic patients who had received operations on the spine, hip joint or lower extremity randomly into two groups, experiment group （n =67） and control group（n= 63）. The pa- tients of the experiment group were given the diet education one day before the operation and one day after that,while the patients of the con- trol group were given no intervention .The collected data included the sorts and amounts of food taken during six days after operation and defe- cation score. Results The amount of staple food at the first and second days after operation and the amount of vegetables at the third day after operation taken by patients of the experiment group were more than those taken by patients of the control group （study group vs. control group t=2.33,2.02 and 2.02, all P〈0.05）. The incidence of constipation in the experiment group and the control group was 11.94% and 80.95%, respectively. Conclusion Diet education can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative constipation. Adequate amount of staple food and vegetable should be emphasized as diet education is given and we should pay more attention to the condition of patient food taking at the first day after operation. Starting to eat as early as possible after operation is the key to prevent constipation.