犯罪本质理论的困境与出路——以我国民族地区的刑事法治发展为中心

Problems and Solutions of Theories about Crime's Nature——centering on the Criminal Rule-of-Law in the Ethnic Minority's Areas of China

刑法是规范性、功能性和文化性的统一体。虽然社会危害性说与法益侵害说都在一定程度上满足了刑法的功能性要求,但社会危害性说完全消解了刑法的规范性,而法益侵害说则忽视了刑法的文化性。因而,这两种学说在刑法规范意识较为缺乏且具有丰富的习惯法社会实践的我国民族地区的刑事法治发展中均陷入了困境。与此不同,形式违法性与实质违法性相结合的规范违反说能同时兼顾刑法的规范性、功能性和文化性之要求,有利于刑法与民族习惯法之间的良性互动,因而在我国民族地区刑事法治建设中应当予以提倡,并应通过对我国犯罪构成理论的完善来加以贯彻。

Criminal law is the unity of normative, functional and cultural specialty. Although both the harm - to - society theory and the violation - to - legitimate - interest theory are in conformity with the function of criminal law to some extent, the harm - to - society theory has thoroughly abolished the normative specialty of criminal law, while the violation -to -legitimate -interest theory ignores the cultural specialty of criminal law. Therefore, they both have fallen into dilemma in the criminal rule - of - law in China＇ s ethnic minority areas lacking of criminal norms awareness and abundant in customary laws. However, the violation - to - norm theory, combining illegality in form with illegality in substance, can accord with the normative, functional and cultural specialty of criminal law simultaneously, and favors the sound interaction between criminal law and minority＇ s customary law, so that it should be established in China＇ s ethnic minority areas and be implemen- ted by improving the constitutive system of crime.