文章学视野下的明清小说评点

Comment on Novels of Ming and Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Article Study

明清时期,自幼便浸润于八股文章的小说评点家形成了顽固的文章学思维定式,他们往往以文章学视野来观照小说。在尊题意识支配下,他们惯于按题解文而喜欢抱定题目来分析小说的叙事写人艺术。他们的小说评点表现出文法至上的批评倾向,以"合掌"、"断续"、"伏应"、"急脉缓受"、"虚实"等文章学理论来审视小说情节结构,以"代言"、"宾主"等来分析小说人物描写。文法派的出现在中国小说批评史上具有划时代意义,他们重文轻道,注重小说艺术技巧分析,其评点体现出明显的导读意识,并促进了小说在文人中的传播,但其评点文字也缺乏独立的理论品格。

In the Ming and Qing Dynasty, the novel critics comment on the novels with the article standard. The article technical terms of ＂gassho＂, ＂intermittent＂, ＂foreshadowing＂, ＂patiently attend to a grave problem＂, and ＂vacuousness and reality＂ are used to comment on the structure of the plot of the novels; terms like ＂representation＂ and ＂collocation of main and secondary characters＂ are used to analyze the characterization. The appearance of Wenfa School has historic significance in the critical history of Chinese novels, which pays attention to the analysis of artistic skills and which reveals the guiding tendency in its comment. All these contribute to the dissemination of novels among men of letters.