岷江上游土地利用变化及其对生态环境的影响

Changes in Land Use in the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang River and Their Effects on the Local Eco-environment

基于遥感和G1S技术支持下,详细研究了岷江上游的土地利用状况及其1986-2000年的动态变化对生态效益的影响.研究表明:林地、草地、耕地是岷江上游主要的土地利用类型,这近15年间,林地面积减少,草地、耕地面积有所增加,经济林地和旱地增长速度最快,疏林地和高盖度草地减少速度最快.在土地利用类型转化过程中,林地与草地间转化剧烈,主要是有林地、灌木林地转化为中盖度草地;同时林地和草地内部转化也较为频繁,主要是有林地转为灌木林地、高盖度草地转为中盖度草地.区域生态效益在主要土地利用类型变化影响下,呈局部区域提高、总体下降的趋势,下降幅度为4.66%,下降的主要因素为旱地、中盖度草地和低盖度草地的增加,有林地和高盖度草地的减少.为此岷江上游地区应贯彻国家政策,调整产业结构,保护珍贵的林业资源,保护生态环境,走可持续发展的路线.

Based on remote sensing and GIS, this study investigated the present situation of land use in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River and the impact of its dynamic changes in 1986-2000 on eeo-efficiency. The result indicated that the main land-use types of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River are woodland, grassland and farmland. In the 15 years from 1986 to 2000, woodland area was reduced, but the grassland area and arable land area increased to a certain extent. The types of economic forest land and the dry-land grew the fastest, while the scattered woodland and high coverage grassland were the fastest decreasing types. In the conversion of land use types, the conversion between woodland and grassland was quite drastic, expressed mainly in the conversion of forest land and shrub land into medium coverage grassland. Within woodland and grassland, internal conversion was frequent, mainly from forest land into shrub land and from high coverage grassland to medium coverage grassland. Influenced by the changes in the main land-use types, the trend of the regional eco-efficiency improved locally in some regions, but declined as a whole with a range of 4. 66%, because of the decrease in forest land and high coverage grassland and the increase in dry-land, medium coverage grassland and low coverage grassland. Therefore, we should implement the national policy, adjust the industrial structure, provide some method for protecting the limited and precious forest resources of the area, protect the ecological environment and follow the road of sustainable development.