贵州某铜矿4种苔藓植物及其基质重金属元素分析

Contents of heavy metal elements in four bryophytes and their substrates from a copper mine,Guizhou province

贵州某铜矿是大陆拉斑玄武岩型。通过对该矿附近4种苔藓植物（小蛇苔、长叶曲柄藓、薄壁仙鹤藓和尖叶匐灯藓）及其生长基质中的Cu，Zn，Ca，Mg，Cd，Pb，Hg和As 8种元素进行测定分析，结果表明：①Hg，Cu，Zn和cd含量较高，尤以Cu是国家标准值的8．87倍；②小蛇苔对Cd强烈富集，可用于治理该矿Cd污染；③长叶曲柄藓对Cu的富集系数是0．769，长叶曲柄藓、小蛇苔和尖叶匐灯藓对Zn的富集系数分别是0．731，0．639和0．599，长叶曲柄藓、薄壁仙鹤藓和尖叶匐灯藓对Cd的富集系数分别是1．127，1．074和0．814，4种苔藓植物对Ph的富集系数是0．734～1．150，薄壁仙鹤藓和长叶曲柄藓对Hg的富集系数分别是1．227和0．519，小蛇苔和长叶曲柄藓对As的富集系数分别是1．374和0．560，属于同一富集水平，说明这4种苔藓植物可以指示其生长基质中的Cu，Zn，Cd，Pb，Hg和As含量；④相关分析显示，Cd—As和Hg—Ca均在0．01概率水平极显著正相关；Ca—Mg和Mg—Hg均在0．05概率水平显著正相关，两种元素间均产生协同作用。

The basalt in a mine of Guizhou is characterized by calcic alkalescent continental tholeiite. The authors analysed the contents of 8 elements （Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, Cd, Pb, Hg and As） in four bryophytes[ Conocephalum japonicum（Thunb. ） Grolle, Campylopus atrovirens De Not. , Atrichum subserratum（ Hook. ） Mitt. and Plagiomnium acutum （ Lindb. ） T. Kop. ] and their different substrates from the mine. The results are as follows. （1）The contents of Hg, Ca, Zn and Cd elements are high. Especially, the content of Cu are 8.87 times as high as the corresponding standard values. （2）C. japonicum（ Thunb. ） Grolle is strong accumulation for Cd, which can be used for governing Cd contamination. （3）The accumulation coefficient of C. atrovirens De Not. is 0. 769 for Cu. The accumulation coefficients of C. atrovirens De Not. , C. japonicum（Thunb. ） Grolle and P. acutum（ Lindb. ） T. Kop. respectively are 0. 731, 0.639 and 0.599 for Zn. The accumulation coefficients of C. atrovirens De Not. , A. subserratum（ Hook. ） Mitt. and P. acutum（ Lindb. ） T. Kop. respectively are 1. 127, 1. 074 and 0. 814 for Cd. The accumulation coefficients of the four bryophytes are from 0. 734 to 1.15 for Pb. The accumulation coefficients of A. subserratum（ Hook. ） Mitt. and C. atrovirens De Not. respectively are 1. 227 and 0. 519 for Hg. The accumulation coefficients of C. japonicum （ Thunb. ） Grolle and C. atrovirens De Not. respectively are 1. 374 and 0.56 for As. All of the accumulation coefficients are the same levels. These show that the four bryophytes could indicate the contents of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg and As in their substrates. （4） Correlation analysis show that Cd-As and Hg-Ca respectively are positive correlation significantly at the 0.01 level. Ca-Mg and Mg-Hg respectively are significant at the 0.05 level. Ca and Mg, Mg and Hg and Cd and As are synergic effect.