普通杂货船安全状况研究

Study of the Safety Status of General Cargo Ship

为揭示普通杂货船安全事故的主要原因及规律,对近年来国际海事组织关于普通杂货船安全问题的提案进行了比较研究,同时也对欧盟海事局、国内相关的普通杂货船事故统计结果进行了分析比较。研究发现目前普通杂货船全损事故数占各类船舶全损事故总数的40%左右;1992年2月1日之前建造的多数普通杂货船不满足破损稳性要求;沉没、碰撞、火灾及搁浅是导致普通杂货船事故的主要原因;装卸超长、超重货物与普通杂货船沉没具有关联性。根据揭示的普通杂货船事故发生的主要原因和规律,针对海事主管机构、船级社和船公司提出了预防普通杂货船事故发生的管理措施。

The motions about the safety issue of general cargo ships by International Maritime Organization（IMO） in recent years are comparatively studied in order to reveal main causes of general cargo ship accidents,also the relevant statistics of accidents happened at home and abroad are compared and analyzed.At present the total loss accidents of general cargo ship account for about 40 per cent of the total;the majority of the general cargo ships constructed before Feb.1 of 1992 do not comply with the requirements of damage stability;and foundering,collision,fire and grounding are major causes resulting in total loss of general cargo ships;There are correlations between loading/discharging of overweight（or over length） cargoes and foundering.With the aid of the statistical analysis,some measures to prevent general cargo ships from accidents are proposed.