231例感冒患者的常见症状和体征的频率分布

Spectrum of symptoms and sings in 231 patients with common cold

目的调查普通感冒常见临床表现的频率分布情况。方法记录患者起病48h内全身和鼻部症状，按各个症状的严重程度划分为4个等级（0～3分），由患者进行自我评估。数据以率表示，采用SPSS13．0软件分析症状和体征的分布频率及严重程度。结果资料完整的感冒患者231例，其中男性104例，平均年龄（36．9±13．6）岁，女性127例，平均年龄（36．4±14．9）岁。全身症状以肌肉酸痛的发生率最高，为97．0％，头痛、咽部不适稍次之，为94．8％，发热为53．7％。在鼻部症状中，鼻塞最常见为93．5％，其次分别为流涕93．1％、喷嚏82．3％。人选患者中147例参与了咳嗽症状的调查，其发生率为61．9％。各项症状自我评分结果显示，78．4％的患者评分在1～2分，评分达3分者仅为8．7％。结论感冒常见全身症状依次为肌肉酸痛、头痛和咽部不适，鼻部症状中以鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏常见。

Objective To investigate the frequency of systemic and nasal symptoms of the common cold. Methods The patients with common cold were enrolled, their symptoms and signs of the common cold during 48-hour period were recorded, including systemic symptoms （fever, headache, muscular soreness） and nasal symptoms （stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing）, which were classified into 4 grades according to the severity. The frequency and severity of symptoms and signs were analyzed. Results We included 231 patients with common cold from outpatient department （104 males and 127 females）, with average age 36.4 yrs. The rate of muscular soreness was 97.0~ which is highest among symptoms of common cold, the prevalence of headache（94.8%） was equal to discomfort of throat, higher than fever （53.7%）. The incidence of stuffy nose was hightest in nasal symptoms（93.5%）,which was similar to runny nose（93.1%） and more than sneezing（82.3%）. The percentage of cough is 61.9%. The result of self-assessment symptom score showed that the score ranged from 1 to 2 accounts 78.4%, while only 8.7% of the patient marked the highest grade. Conclusions The main manifestations of common cold are muscular soreness, headache, and discomfort of throat. While stuffy nose, runny nose and sneezing are common in nasal symptoms.