成年人日常生活记忆的研究

A STUDY OF EVERYDAY MEMORY INADULTS

采用三项记忆作业，对１２０例２０—８５岁的被试进行日常记忆和实验室记忆的比较研究，目的为探讨日常记忆的年龄差异及其年老化特点。结果表明：（１）三项记忆成绩均随增龄而减退，其中年老老年组减退明显；（２）作业难度比较：经方差分析结果表明，它对记忆成绩有显著作用，作业难度自评与方差分析相符，“地名”最易，“人姓”居中，“无意义图形再认”最难，因为“地名”为日常生活记忆，难度小于后者（为实验室记忆）。老年人日常生活记忆减退缓慢，他们可利用知识经验补偿记忆减退，使之保持较好。

A comparative study of everyday memory and laboratory memory was conducted through three kinds ofmemory tasks in 120 Ss of 20 to 85 yys. The pruposeof this study was to explore the age differences of everyday memory and aging characteristics. The resultsindicted that: 1 )The performances of the three tasksdeclined with age. The performance declined obviouslyin the senior old age group ; 2) The comparison of thedegree of difficulty among tasks: task difficulty influenced the performances of memory significantly bymeans of analysis of variance. It consisted with theself-evaluation of task difficulty. The self - evaluation of serial memory of location was the eastest, theface - naming was in- between, and the recognition ofmeaningless figures was the most difficult. Because itwas everyday memory, the first task was easier thanthe last one (i. e. laboratory memory). Although everyday memory decreased slightly in the elderly, theycould use their knowledge and experince to compensatfor their decreased memory.