施肥、播种、浇水和品种综合因素对小麦产量影响的研究

Analysis on the impact of fertilization、sowing、watering and breeds about wheat yield

试验采用正交试验方法测定分析施肥、播种、浇水和品种主因素对小麦产量影响能力,以及产量随因素水平的变化规律,探索小麦节水省肥高效生产的技术方法。试验的主要结果:1.品种是产量构成的第一因素,本地区节水省肥需要的品种特点是抗旱耐干热风,产量潜力大,品种与肥、水、播种间的互作的产量反应敏感程度有明显差距;2.播种要适期适量,过晚穗粒数千粒重下降,产量降低,过早容易造成冻害风险加大,本地的适宜播种期在10月5日到10月12日;3.浇三水产量最佳,浇扬花水的效益最高,从发挥水效益的角度看,节水可以免浇返青水、拔节水;4.在土壤氮素较多的情况下,随施肥量增加产量下降,试验以不施肥产量最高,施肥反而导致减产。

To analyze the impact of fertilization ,sowing ,watering and breeds on wheat yield,and to ana- lyze the yield variation accompanied by these factors,we adopted the orthogonal experimental design so as to explore the method of watering-saving and fertilization-saving.There are four resuhs.The first：The foremost factor on yield lies in breed.The breed with the charcaters of anti-drought and anti-dry-hot- wind will suited for cultivation in locality,and it has potential high-yielding.It is obvious different from each other in sensitive degree between fertilization,sowing,water and breed.The second：Sowing time and sowing amount should be suitable for the locality.The kernel weight per spike and thousand kernel weight will decrease,and the yield is low if sowing late;Freeze injury will show obvious if sowing early. The approriate period is from Oct 5 to Oct 12 in this locality.The third： The yield will improve if water- ing three time ,and the benefit will be most if watering in flowering stage. To spare the water, the water- ing in the reviving stage and jointing stage can be avoided. The fourth： In the statement of high soil ni- trogen level, the yield will decrease accompanided by more fertilization. The result should that the high-yielding appeared in no fertilization condition and the yield decreased in fertilization condition.