自然保护区周边社区居民生计状况的生态位适宜度评价

Niche Fitness Evaluation on Resident's Livelihood Situation of Adjacent Communities of Nature Reserve

将生态位适宜度理论引入到自然保护区周边社区居民生计可持续发展的定量评价中,并据此构建可持续生计的生态位适宜度模型。利用该模型选取多项能够反映现实生态位与最佳生态位之间耦合度的单项指标,构成经济生态位、社会生态位、环境生态位三大类独立的评价指标,用以评价自然保护区周边社区居民生计的可持续性。以白水江自然保护区周边2个社区为例,通过计算生态位适宜度,判断居民生计状况和生计的可持续性,并综合当地资源、环境、经济与社会条件,验证了生态位适宜度方法在评价居民生计状况方面的可行性。

The theory of niche fitness was introduced to quantitatively assess the sustainable residents＇ livelihood of adjacent communities of nature reserve.The niche fitness model on residents＇ livelihood was established.The model was used to select single indices,which could reflect the coupling degree between the real niche and the best niche to compose three individual indicators： economic niche,social niche and environmental niche,and to evaluate resident＇s livelihood situation of adjacent communities of nature reserve.Taking two adjacent communities of nature reserve as examples,the niche fitness was calculated to judge the residents livelihood situation and the sustainability.Feasibilities of niche fitness methods in assessing the livelihood situations of the residents were testified by synthesizing the resources,environment,economic and social conditions.