有道有艺——“庖丁解牛”的美学寓意与古代画论道技观

Tao and skills——The aesthetic significance of Dismembering an Ox by a Skillful Butcher and the viewpoint about Tao and skills of ancient painting theory

从艺术的角度透析,《庄子》中"庖丁解牛"等系列工匠故事的寓意体现在"道不离技,技在道中,技进乎道"三个相互依存、相互制约的方面,揭示了技艺训练、法度规矩、精神修养与"道"的境界四者之间的密切关系。受庄子道技观的影响,古代画论也认为"道"的境界的实现,离不开"技"的熟练驾驭,但是,技艺训练又不离规矩与法度。同时,技艺训练本身不是目的,任何高超的技艺都指向超越自身的完美表现。

From the artistic point of view,the series of craftsmen stories including Dismembering an Ox by a Skillful Butcher in Zhuangzi embody in three aspects of mutual dependence and mutual restriction,namely,＂Tao is inseparable from the skills,skills exist in Tao,superb skills reach the realm of Tao＂,which reveals the close relationship between the skills training,the rules,the spiritual cultivation and the realm of Tao.Influenced by Zhuangzi＇s view of Tao and skills,ancient painting theory also believes that the realm of Tao should not be separated from skills training,however,skills training is inseparable from the rules.At the same time,the final purpose of any great skills is not the course of training but the perfect expression beyond itself.