越橘品种的成花规律及防寒措施研究

Flowering Rule and Cold-proof Measures of Blueberry Cultivars

[目的]研究越橘品种在北京地区的成花和防寒措施,为越橘品种的引进提供依据。[方法]采用观测法研究3种越橘品种,即蓝丰、北陆和达柔的花芽、单花以及枝条的成花规律,并进行防寒越冬试验。[结果]3种越橘品种花芽膨大直径不同,完成膨大所需的时间也不同,蓝丰最短,达柔最长,北陆居中。花芽形成的时间以达柔品种最早。北陆品种花芽的数量最多,单花开放时间也最早。此外,同一越橘品种不同类型枝条形成花芽的数量也存在差异,细枝成花能力最强。3种越橘的抗寒能力依次为:北陆、蓝丰和达柔。使用小拱棚覆塑料薄膜可有效保护越橘安全越冬。[结论]不同越橘品种的成花规律存在明显差异,盖膜处理可使越橘安全越冬。

[Objective] To study the flowering rule and cold-proof measures of blueberry cultivars in Beijing and provide the basis for their introduction.[Method] The flower buds,single flowers as well as the flowering rules of different types of branches in three kinds of blueberry species including Bluecrop,Northland and Darrow were studied by observation method.The overwintering trials of three kinds of blueberry species were also performed.[Result] The enlargement diameters and times of buds were different among three kinds of blueberry varieties.The enlargement time of Bluecrop was shortest,but that of Darrow was longest.Darrow finished the process of form inflorescence at shortest time.The maximum amount of buds was observed in Northland blueberry and the single flower blooming appeared earliest.In addition,the number of flower buds of different types of branches was different in the same blueberry variety,and twigs presented the strongest ability of inflorescences.The order of cold-hardiness of three blueberry varieties was：Northland,Bluecrop and Darrow.Blueberry cultivars all survived through the winter by covering the arch canopy with plastic film.[Conclusion] The flowering rules of various Blueberry cultivars are different from each other,and Blueberry can survive through the winter by covering with plastic film.