干旱绿洲区不同灌溉量对小麦生长发育的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Amount on the Growth of Wheat in Arid Oasis Area

[目的]研究干旱绿洲区不同灌溉量对小麦生长发育的影响,确定在干旱绿洲环境下农田水分的有效利用措施和合理灌溉指标,为节水技术的开发和管理提供参考。[方法]在春小麦不同生育期进行4次灌水,并测定不同生育期小麦的叶面积指数、干物质含量、千粒重以及生育期内水分的利用效率。[结果]小麦孕穗期、抽穗期及开花期为水分敏感期,其灌水量不能低于总灌溉量的60%;全生育期内分4次浇灌较适宜;适度水分亏损有利于灌水和水分利用效率的提高,水分补充不足将加剧土壤深层水分的损耗;当灌溉量增加到一定程度后,小麦产量不再随着灌溉量的增加而增加。[结论]1hm2需6000mm灌水量可以作为干旱绿洲区春小麦用水的一个优化指标。

[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of different irrigation amount on the growth of wheat in arid oasis area and confirm the effective use measures and reasonable irrigation indices of water in farmland under arid oasis environment,so as to provide reference for the development and management of water-saving technology.[Method] Spring wheat in different growth period was irrigated for four times.The leaf area index,dry matter content,1 000-grain weight of wheat in different growth period,water use efficiency in the growth period were measured.[Result] Booting stage,heading stage and flowering stage were water sensitive stages and the irrigation amount was not lower than 60% of total irrigation quantity.Four times of irrigation in the whole growth period were appropriate.The appropriate water deficiency was advantageous to irrigation and the increase of water use efficiency.The inadequate water supply would exacerbate the water loss in deep layer of soil.When the irrigation quantity increased to certain extent,wheat yield would not increase with the increasing of irrigation quantity.[Conclusion] 6 000 mm irrigation amount per 1 hm2 could be taken as one optimization index of water use of spring wheat in arid oasis area.