论民初进步党的立党理论及分裂的思想根源

The Progress Party’s Essential Principles and the Root Cause of Its Split in the Early Period of the Republic of China

"政治对抗力"论与"开明专制"论是民初进步党的两种基本的政治思想主张。梁启超等人提出"政治对抗力"说作为立宪派系联合成进步党的立党理论,反映了立宪派人士建设民主共和的政治理想,而"开明专制"论则是进步党联袁排国民党的理论依据,属于现实的政治路线。但是,这种政治主张之间存在本质上的冲突。"二次革命"后,政见和思想的分歧,使进步党分裂成"内阁派"与"国会派",这两种政治思想成为各自的立论基础。此后,"开明专制"说被进步党人士摒弃,"政治对抗力"则在反袁护国运动中得到进一步的发展,成为梁启超等人继续参与政治的理论基础。"政治对抗力"说与"开明专制"论的此起彼伏,折射出民初知识分子探索建设共和之路的曲折历程。

Repellent force in polities and enlightened despotism are two main political thoughts of the Progress Party in the early period of the Republic of China. Liang Qichao＇ s idea of repellent force in politics reflects the Constitutionalists＇ ideal to realize the dream of democracy and republic. However, his idea of enlightened despotism is a realistic strategy to ally himself with Yuan Shikai and to supplant the Kuomintang. There is a fundamental divergence between them. After the Second Revolution, divergence of politics and thoughts have divided the Progress Party into two groups, Cabinet Group and Parliament Group. Then, the idea of enlightened despotism is discarded by the Progress Party, but the idea of repellent force in polities has evolved in the Campaign to Defend the Republic and become Liang Qichao＇s basic political theory.