雍正朝官员患病类型及其死亡率——基于吏科题本的量化分析

Disease Types and Mortality in Officials in the Yongzheng Period of the Qing Dynasty:A Quantitative Analysis Based on Official Archives

依据吏科题本档案,以雍正时期的官员群体为考察对象,分析官员群体的患病类型及死亡率状况可以发现,雍正时期的官员群体所染患的病症涉及到消化系统、呼吸系统、心脏系统以及神经系统等诸种类型。基于地域环境的关系,不同地区的官员群体所面临的病症危害有所不同。从死亡率的统计分析,死亡率与某一疾病的病患数量未必成正比,一些疾病的死亡率在各地都表现得相当高,对于当时社会的医疗水平也不能评估过高。这些量化数字从一个侧面提示我们:学术界尤其是医史学界以疾病本身作为考察重点,集中于病理认识或者医疗技术革新方面的分析思路值得反思,"病人"及其医疗效果的考察应该得到更多的关注。

According to official archives, the disease types of the official group in the Yongzheng period of the Qing dynasty include digestive, respiratory, cardiac, neurological and so on. They differ in harm in different areas because of regional environment factors. Based on statistical analysis, mortality is not always proportional to the number of diseases and the mortality of some diseases is considerably higher in all regions. The medical level of that time is not to be highly evaluated. The statistics suggests that academic circles, especially in the medical history field, should reflect on the study to focus on disease itself and pathology knowledge or medical technique revolution. More attention should be paid to the patients and medical effects.