更昔洛韦对防治肾移植后巨细胞病毒感染预防性治疗的系统评价

Prophylactic treatment of ganciclovir to prevent and cure cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation:a systematic review

目的系统评价更昔洛韦防治肾移植后巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)感染的有效性。方法计算机检索PubMed、SCI、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、中国期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、中文科技期刊数据库和中华医学会数字化期刊群,并辅手工检索和其他检索,收集肾移植后给予更昔洛韦防治CMV感染的随机对照试验,检索时间截止到2009年6月。按照纳入标准由2名研究者独立筛选文献并提取资料,采用Cochrane Handbook推荐评价标准评价纳入研究质量,采用RevMan5.0软件进行统计处理。结果共纳入12个随机对照试验。Meta分析结果显示:(1)与不服用抗病毒药相比,更昔洛韦并不能降低术后3个月和6个月CMV感染率和CMV发病率,但可降低12个月CMV发病率,可以延缓术后发生CMV感染的时间;(2)与伐昔洛韦相比,两者降低CMV感染率和发病率的差别不大;(3)与阿昔洛韦比较,更昔洛韦可降低6个月CMV发病率;(4)与抗CMV-IgG和缬更昔洛韦比较,在降低CMV发病率方面在统计学上无显著性差异(P=0.93;P=0.14)。结论对肾移植患者给予长时间更昔洛韦可以预防CMV感染,其疗效与伐昔洛韦、抗CMV-IgG、缬更昔洛韦无区别,较阿昔洛韦好。

Objective To assess the efficacy of ganciclovir to prevent and cure cytomegalovirus （CMV） infection after renal transplantation. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCI, China Academic Journals Full-text Databases, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journals Databases and Chinese Medical Association Journals to collect randomized controlled trials of ganciclovir to prevent and cure CMV infection after renal transplantation （up to June, 2009）. Two reviewers extracted data independently using a designed extraction form. The quality of included trials was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook. RevMan 5.0 software was used for data analysis. Results Twelve randomized controlled trials were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that： ①Compared with no receive antiviral agents, ganciclovir couldn’t lower CMV infection rate and disease rate in 3 months and 6 months after renal transplantation, but could lower CMV disease rate in 12 months. The delay between transplantation and CMV infection was significantly longer. ②Either valaciclovir or ganciclovir could lower CMV infection rate and disease rate after renal transplantation, without statistical difference. ③Compared with acyclovir, ganciclovir could lower CMV disease rate in 6 months after renal transplantation. ④Compared with CMV-IgG and valganciclovir, ganciclovir didn’t have statistical difference in decreasing CMV disease rate （P=0.93; P=0.14）. Conclusions Longer prophylaxis by ganciclovior may prevent CMV infection after renal transplantation. Its curative effect is similar to valaciclovir, CMV-IgG and valganciclovir, but better than acyclovir.