软腭肌解剖与重建对软腭组织结构影响的实验研究

Effect of dissection and reconstruction of palatal muscles on histological structure and ultrastructure of soft palate

目的:观察软腭肌解剖与重建复位对软腭肌组织结构的影响。方法:9只成年家猫,以一侧翼突钩至腭中线为界将半侧软腭均分为3部分,作为软腭肌不同的解剖程度范围的标志。依照肌肉解剖程度范围的不同随机分为3组,轻度组(<1/3组),中度组(1/3-2/3组),最大程度组(>2/3组);对照组为任一家猫正常侧软腭肌。实验对象行一侧软腭肌的解剖剥离并重新缝合至原位,术后1、2、3月切取实验侧软腭肌与正常肌肉分别行常规HE染色和透射电镜观察。结果:解剖范围小到中等时(0～2/3区域),软腭肌组织学形态和超微结构与正常对照组无明显变化。解剖范围较大(>2/3区域)时,术后早期(1月)肌纤维排列稍紊乱,不致密,较多炎性细胞浸润,伴新生的肌纤维形成;术后2～3月,肌肉排列较整齐和致密,新生的肌纤维变得逐渐成熟,炎性细胞明显减少。超微结构显示:术后1月肌节排列略疏松,Z线欠清晰,肌纤维变少,变窄;术后2～3月,肌节排列较为整齐,Z线清晰。结论:软腭肌的解剖与重建对软腭组织结构的影响较小,术后短期内肌肉的损伤可修复和再生。

Objective： To observe the effect of dissection and reconstruction on palatal muscles morphology in cats. Methods： Nine cats were randomly divided into three groups according to the extension of muscle dissection： small area group（ 〈 1/3 group） , medium area group （1/3-2/3 group）and large-scale area group（ 〉 2/3 group）. Control group was the normal palatal muscle in any normal side of the palate. Palatal muscles of all experimental groups were dissected from the posterior border of the hard palate and were reconstructed later. The morphology features and uhrastructure of palatal muscles were observed respectively by HE staining and transmission electron microcopy 1 -3 month after operation. Results： There were no obvious differences in morphologie features and uhrastructure of palatal muscles between experiment and normal control groups when the range of palatal muscle dissection was less than 2/3. At early stage （ 1 month） after operation in large-scale area group, the arrangement of muscles fiber were in structural disorder with inflammatory cell infiltration and muscle fibril formation. The Z line was not distinct, muscles fiber became narrow and myocomma arrangement was not fully dense under transmission electron microcopy. At later stage （2 or 3 month after operation） in largescale area group, the arrangement of muscles fiber were comparatively regular, neonatal muscles fibers became gradually mature and the amount of inflammatory cell had obviously decreased. Uhrastructure study showed that myocomma arrangement was more orderliness, and Z line became more distinct. Conclusion： It suggests that the extensive dissection of palatal muscles carried no fibrosis, and injury musculature could be repaired and regenerated.