湖南地区5443例口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤临床分析

Clinical analysis of 5443 malignant oral and maxillofacial tumors in Hunan area

目的:调查湖南地区1989—2008年口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤患者发病情况及各类肿瘤的构成比。方法:对湖南地区12家大型三甲医院1989—2008年住院并经病理确诊的口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果:患者平均年龄52.7岁,好发年龄段为41～70岁;男女性别比2.23∶1.00;口腔、唾液腺、颌骨分列口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤原发部位的前3位,口腔黏膜恶性肿瘤以舌、牙龈最多见。组织来源以上皮源性肿瘤最多,占94.9%;病理类型上,鳞癌3268例,占60.0%。唾液腺恶性肿瘤病理类型前4位依次为黏液表皮样癌、腺样囊性癌、腺癌、恶性多形性腺瘤;发病部位前3位依次为腮腺、下颌下腺、腭腺。2004—2008年口腔黏膜鳞癌患者中,有咀嚼槟榔习惯者平均年龄48.6岁,好发部位以舌、颊最为多见。结论:湖南地区口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤以41～70岁为好发年龄段,口腔黏膜恶性肿瘤好发部位以舌、牙龈最多,近10年来舌、颊部恶性肿瘤有明显升高趋势,而牙龈部则有下降趋势。

PURPOSE：To investigate the prevalence and proportion of malignant oral and maxillofacial tumors between1989 and 2008 in Hunan area.METHODS：A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of malignant oral and maxillofacial tumors treated in 12 tertiary hospitals between 1989.RESULTS：The average age of patients with malignant oral and maxillofacial tumor was 52.7 years,and the predilection age was 41-70 years;The ratio of male to female was 2.23：1.00;The most common original malignant tumor in oral and maxillofacial region were oral cavity,parotid gland,jaw bones successively,and the most common sites in oral cavity were tongue and gingiva;As to the original tissues of tumors,epithelial tumors accounted for 94.9%.There were 3268 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and the percentage was 60.0%.Among salivary gland malignant tumors,the most common pathologic types were mucoepidermoid carcinoma,adenoid cystic carcinoma,adenocarcinoma,malignant mixed tumor,and the predilection sites were parotid gland,submandibular gland and palatal gland.Among the patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma between 2004 and 2008,the average age of patients who chewed betel was 48.6 years,and the most common sites in the oral cavity were tongue and buccal mucosa.CONCLUSIONS：The predilection age of malignant oral and maxillofacial tumors in Hunan area was 41-70 years,the most common sites in the oral cavity were tongue and gingiva;There is an increasing tendency in the tongue and buccal mucosa while gingival malignant tumors decreases during the recent 10 years.