骨髓间充质干细胞的多向分化潜能研究进展

Progress in Multilineage Potential Study of Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cell

骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow stromal stem cell,BMSSC)是成体干细胞中最受关注的细胞之一,它不仅在造血和免疫细胞发生发育中发挥重要作用,而且参与多种器官组织的再生和损伤修复,特别是近年来发现BMSSC具有向不同胚层来源细胞跨越分化(trans-differentiation)的可塑性,不仅有可能揭示细胞分化的新机制,而且为众多疾病的临床治疗提供了新思路。目前已揭示,BMSSC除了具有向成骨、软骨和脂肪细胞分化潜能外,还有向肝细胞、神经细胞、心肌细胞、血管内皮细胞和胰岛细胞等多向分化的潜能,本文就当前BMSSC的多向分化潜能研究进展作一综述。

Bone marrow stromal stem cells （BMSSCs） are one of the most favorable cells in adult stem cells. Not only they played an important role in the production and development of hemapoietic system and immune system, but also they had effects on the process of tissue regeneration and injury repair. Especially, recent research showed that BMSSCs had the capability of trans-differentiating into adult cells derived from different germ-layers. It might reveal the new mechanism of cells＇ differentiation based on this research model, and also it provided us a creative way on the tissue engineering with BMSSCs and clinical therapy. At present, BMSSCs have been confirmed to be able to differentiate into hepatocytes, neurocyte, cardiocyte, vascular endothelial cell and islet cell, besides differentiating into osteoblast, chondrocyte and adipocyte. In this review, we will mainly focus on the research progress on the plasticity mechanism of BMSSCs.