圣麻纤维的定性鉴别

Qualitative identification of Shengma fiber

采用燃烧法、显微镜观察法、药品着色法、溶解法和红外吸收光谱法对圣麻纤维鉴别进行了试验研究,并与粘胶纤维和苎麻纤维进行了比较分析。结果表明:圣麻纤维的纵向有多条较深的沟槽,截面呈独特的梅花形,并有明显的皮芯层结构,边缘呈较深的不规则凹凸;圣麻纤维用碘-碘化钾溶液着色结果呈蓝青色;在常温下的40%硫酸溶液中有部分溶解;在常温下的36%～38%盐酸溶液中呈黏稠状,并有淡黄色溶液;圣麻纤维的红外吸收光谱与粘胶纤维基本相似,但在1 210～1 000 cm-1指纹区与苎麻纤维有明显不同。

This paper identifies shengma fiber by burning method,estimating method by microscope,coloring with medical drugs,dissolution method and infrared radiation spectrum method,and compared with the identification method of viscose and ramie fiber.The results show that shengma fiber possesses a number of longitudinal deep trenches.It is unique that the cross-section is plum-shaped,and has a clear skin-core layer structure.Irregularly,the edge of it possesses a deeply embossed concave convex structure.Besides,iodine-potassium iodide solution staining of shengma fiber turns out to be blue-green.And under normal temperature,the sulfuric acid solution（the concentration is 40%） has partial dissolution;the hydrochloric acid solution（the concentration is 36% ～ 38%）is thick and has some light yellow solution.The St.Ma Infrared absorption spectra of shengma fiber is similar to viscose fiber.However in 1 210 ～ 1 000 cm-1 fingerprint area it is quite different from ramie fiber.