控制与消解:从保甲长的难局看国民政府时期的地方基层社会

Control and out of Control:The Decayed Bao-Jia System in the Grass-roots Society of Nanking National Government Period

保甲长是地方基层政权中的重要一环,要将政府政令在地方社会推行付诸实施,并使之见效,实在需要保甲长的努力。然而在国民政府时期,保甲长施政受到多重掣肘,诸如土豪劣绅的干预,军队和土匪的骚扰杀戮,民众的诬告,薪水微薄等因素的影响,使之处境尴尬,变成一个无效率的职员。加之斯时充任保甲者多素质低下,卑劣不堪,保甲与民众对立严重,以致地方基层社会黑暗闭塞,僵化不前,国民政府统治的民众资源迅速丧失。

Bao-Jia Zhang （ the chief of Bao-Jia System） functioned vitally in the grass-roots society. Bao-Jia Zhang not only had to promote but to implement the governmental policy. In the period of Nanking National Government, however, the implementation had been impeded and interrupted by the local gangs and army together ,with gossip from populace and small income. All those factors made Bao-Jia Zhang a wasted position. Furthermore, the personnels, who were appointed to be Bao-Jia Zhang, were mostly less educated and despicable, which caused the rivalry to the public. Therefore, the loal grass-roots society was full of darkness and retardness that finally made the Nanking National Government in short of populace resource in administration.