粲然有伦:唐代士人家内秩序之构建

Bright Ethic:Construction of Order of the Family by the Intellectual in the Tang Dynasty

唐代士人主要通过理念上的指导和规正,构建出家庭、家族之内的一整套秩序。首先,从男性本人来说,要"正己",使自身的行事合乎儒家规范。这方面,最重要的是学有所成及建立功业,并始终保有"有所畏"的谨慎态度。其次,从处理各种交错的家内关系:父母、兄弟姊妹、妻妾和仆婢等方面来说,男性要"正他",即使得每位家庭成员各得其名,各享其实,各安其位,尊卑有序、上下不失。唐人在这些方面所持的观点基本上继承了儒家传统精神。而当伦理与性别发生摩擦与冲撞时,他们默默遵行着孝道为先、父系血缘优先的原则。

The intellectual in the Tang Dynasty constructed order of the family mainly by the idealistic guidance and regulation. First, they must restrict themselves in order to make what they did in accordance with the Confucian rules. In this aspect, they should succeed in learning and make achievement. Furthermore, they must keep an attitude of ＇fearing something＇. Second, they should handle all kinds of relations with their parents, brothers, sisters, wives, concubines and servants in the family appropriately. That is, in addition to restrict themselves, they needed restrict other peo- ple in the family to make everyone to the satisfaction of one and all. The main viewpoints of people in the Tang Dynasty inherited the traditional Confucian rules. When Confucian ethics collided with gender, they complied with the principle of filial piety and patrilineal consanguinity having precedence over gender.