坡地不同垫面产流及物质联动研究

The Stduy Of Runoff And Matter Linkage In Different Slope Land

基于红壤坡地3种土地利用类型连续5年地表径流量及养分流失的研究,结果表明:(1)不同水份年对不同利用方式的影响比较突出:柑橘园和茶园的径流量变化趋势极为相似;农作区变化差异显著,一直保持很高的径流量,其产流规律在丰水年和缺水年表现出明显的"单峰型",峰值出现在7月,占年径流量的33.60%和57.59%,而平水年则表现为"双峰型",两个产流高峰出现在5月和7月,其径流量占全年径流总量的31.17%和22.49%。(2)多年累积径流量总体趋势为农作区>茶园>柑橘园,农作区径流量的年际变化极为显著(农作区年径流量总和为108.20m3,是柑橘园的2.83倍和茶园的2.10倍)。在相同水份年的情况下,其变异系数仍有很大出入(农作区的平均变异系数为147.08%,缺水年变异系数达188.90%),而其他两个小区则在不同水份年变化差异显著:丰水年(柑橘园为106.87%,茶园为100.22%)和缺水年(柑橘园为64.21%,茶园为65.88%),平水年稳定在一定范围之内。(3)农作区年均损失氮、磷、钾分别为47.09,4.85,123.34kg/km2,是柑橘园的2.70,3.48,3.39倍和茶园的2.36,3.91,4.52倍。因此红壤坡地选种柑橘或茶树能有效防止养分失流及截留雨水,在防治农业面源污染方面有显著效果。

The paper through three kinds of land use types in red soil slope land and 5 years scquence runoff and nutient loss study,It＇s showed that：（1） Different water years prominent effect in different land use types,the variation tendencies of runoff of the citrus orchard and tea garden are extremely similar. the significant changes in farming land that has been keeping high runoff.The law in wet years and dry years shows obvious ＂unimodal type＂ ,the peak appeared in July that accounting for 33.60% and 57.59% in the annual volume of runoff. But average years displays for ＂bimodal type ＂ ,two runoff peaks in May and July that accounts for 31.17% and 22.49% of total annual runoff. （2） The cumulative amount runoff for overall years trend is farming land〉tea gardcn〉citrus orchard.The runoff in farming land is remarkably interannual variation（the sum of runoff in farming land was 108.20 m^3 and it was 2.83 times of citrus orchard and 2.10 times of tea garden）. it still has a large variation coefficient in the same water years（the average coefficient of variation in farming land was 147.08%,but the coefficient of variation in dry year is up to 188.90%）,The other two areas significant changes in different water years：in rainy years（citrus orchard was 106.87% and 100.22% for the tea garden） and dry years（64.21% of citrus orchards and tea garden was 65.88%）,Average years stability in a certain range. （3） The annual loss of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 47.09,4.85,123.34 kg/km^2 in farming land. It was the citrus orchard of 3.48,2.70,3.39 times and 2.36,3.91,4.52times of tea garden. Therefore,the red soil slop land select the citrus orchards or tea garden can effectively prevent loss of nutrients flow and intercept rainfall,there is a prominent effect in preventing and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution.