黄河三角洲景观变化中人为影响力的时空分异

Spatial-temporal Heterogeneity of Human Influence for Landscape Pattern Change in Yellow River Delta

利用1986,1996,2006年的遥感影像,结合GIS和图谱分析,运用地统计学方法研究现代黄河三角洲地区近20年来景观变化和人为影响力的时空变异规律,实现人为影响力的定量化和空间化,从而揭示人类开发活动的空间变异和强度分布。结果表明:①在1986,1996,2006年的3期人为影响力的实验变异函数值与理论变异函数拟合得较好,残差平方和RSS和决定系数R2的检验达到极显著水平。②黄河三角洲在近20年来的人类活动影响力在研究尺度上存在空间异质性:基台值逐年增大,人为影响力在空间上出现急剧的变化,不同地点的人为开发利用强度差异性程度加速增加;人为影响力中在600m以下小尺度上由随机因素引起的空间异质性SHR特别小,块金效应较小,而空间自相关引起的空间异质性占主要部分,在90%以上;根据各向异性条件下的变异分析,可以得出人为影响力在不同方向上具有明显的各向异性结构特征,即在不同方向上,其块金值和基台值有一定的差异,但也有相似或者相同的,说明人为影响力的各向异性同时具有几何异向性和带状异向性。③人为影响力的空间分布格局受交通线、水系、居民点和海岸线的控制明显。

The remote sensing images were collected over the Yellow River Delta on three dates during 1986,1996 and 2006.With the methods of GIS,atlas analysis and geo-statistics,it studied the landscape pattern change and analyzed the spatial-temporal differentiation of human influence for landscape pattern change in Yellow River Delta. Human influence was quantified and space-based,which was used to reveal the spatial-temporal heterogeneity and intensity distribution. The results showed as follows：The result shows that：The values of experimental variogram function and theoretical variogram function on the human influence on the three dates during 1986,1996 and 2006,were better fitted. The residual sum of squares and coefficient of determination had reached significant levels. In the past two decades,there had been spatial heterogeneity of the influence of human activities in the Yellow River Delta. The sill increased year by year. The influence of human activities had drastic changes in spatial,which made a rapid increase in the differences of human development in different places. The spatial heterogeneity caused by random factors was very small at the situation of the small-scale＇s human influence below the 600 meters and the nugget effect is small. However,the spatial heterogeneity arising from spatial autocorrelation accounted for the main part,which was more than 90%. According to variance analysis under the anisotropy condition,human influence in different directions had the obvious structural characteristics of anisotropy in different directions,such as geometric anisotropy and band anisotropy. The spatial distribution of human influence was controlled obviously by traffic lines,water system,habitation and coast lines.