碳基材料吸附二氧化碳及电解吸的实验研究

CO_2 capture by adsorption with carbonaceous materials and electrothermal desorption

利用碳基材料具有良好的导电导热性能,研发电解吸技术,取代传统的真空解吸工艺,进行吸附剂再生。估算能耗,为碳基材料吸附捕集温室气体CO2的研究和应用提供基础依据。筛选出十余种由椰壳、煤、沥青、木炭和聚合物基体制备成的颗粒状、纤维状以及蜂窝状的碳基吸附剂,进行实验研究。基于实验结果,比较捕集烟道气中CO2的吸附量、选择性、电加热升温速率、电解吸工艺的电能耗。探讨采用碳基材料吸附和电解吸技术捕集烟道气中CO2的有效性和可行性。实验结果表明:采用电加热碳基材料吸附剂,升温速率较快,能使吸附剂达到快速解吸再生的目的。而且电直接加热到吸附剂,电能利用率较高。通过表面改性等方法提高碳基材料吸附CO2容量,电解吸工艺在CO2吸附捕集技术中具有显著的优势。

In this paper,the feasibility and efficiency for capture of post-combustion CO2 on carbonaceous materials by electrical swing adsorption（ESA）technology were evaluated experimentally.Carbonaceous materials made from various raw materials,such as coal,coconut shell,pitch,charcoal and polymer,and moulded into granular,porous,and fiber adsorbents were tested for capture of post-combustion CO2 under the ambient pressure and temperature with a simulated flue gas composed of N2 and CO2.Several carbonaceous materials were evaluated and compared on the adsorption capacity and selectivity for CO2,the electric and thermal conductivities,and the electric energy consumption at the direct-electrothermal desorption step.The experimental results demonstrated that the adsorbents could be regenerated quickly by direct heating the carbonaceous materials with electricity,and a lower power consumption was needed.The ESA process for CO2 capture has significant advantages if the carbonaceous materials had a good CO2 adsorption capacity by further modification.