食管癌患者血缘亲属及不同性别食管癌患病风险比较研究

A comparative study on the risks of esophagus-cancer patients among factors as blood relatives, paternal line, matriarchal and different sex

目的对比分析食管癌病例组与对照组血缘亲属食管癌患病风险，并了解食管癌家族中危险亲属人群患病的新线索。方法采用病例对照研究方法，对食管癌病例组及对照组各720例进行逐层分析，以比较两组各血缘亲属父系、母系食管癌患病危险度（OR）的大小及差异。结果（1）病例组I级亲属食管癌患病危险度（1．34％～2．24％）显著高于对照组（0．78％～1．21％）（P〈0．01）；I级亲属中病例组父母亲食管癌患病危险度为6．11％，显著高于对照组父母亲食管癌患病危险度2．97％（P〈0．01）。（2）以血缘亲属中父系和母系亲属逐层分析可见，病例组父系食管癌患病危险度（0．87％～1．01％）与母系患病危险度（0．50％～0．79％）均显著高于对照组父系食管癌患病危险度（0．53％～0．65％）与母系患病危险度（0．38％～0．47％）（P〈0．05）。进一步分析显示，病例组父系中男性亲属与母系中女性亲属，即父系中祖父、父亲、叔伯食管癌患病危险度为2．68％与母系中外祖母、母亲、姨的食管癌患病危险度1．91％均显著高于对照组父系中男性亲属食管癌患病危险度1．50％与母系中女性亲属食管癌患病危险度0．92％（P〈0．01）。结论山西省食管癌患者血缘亲属发病危险主要是父亲及其兄弟、母亲及其姐妹，其下代患食管癌风险要大。

Objective In order to provide new clues on the cause of esophagus-cancer through seeking for information among the relatives of esophagus-cancer-patients at high-risk, contrast analysis was carried out to compare the ORs between esophagus-cancer cases and the relatives of the patients. Methods Case-control study was adopted on 720 cases and 720 controls who were kin relatives of the patients. Results （1） Risk of the relatives to the esophagus-cancer-patient group （1.34%-2.24%） was obviously higher than the control group （0.78%-1.21%）（P〈0.01）. In 1^st grade relatives, the risk of parent＇ s to the esophagus-cancer patients （6.11%） was obviously higher than the control group （2.97%） （P〈0.01）. （2） According to the cascade analysis to the cases of both paternal and matriarchal, lines, results showed that the risks of both the paternal line （0.87%-1.01% ） and the matriarchal line （0.50%-0.79%） in the group of esophagus-cancer cases were all obviously higher than the lines in the control groups （0.53%-0.65%） and （0.38%-0.47%）. Data also showed that the risk among the male relatives of paternal line （eg： grandfathers＇, father＇ s, uncles＇ etc.） in the group of cases was 2.68% while the matriarchal （eg： grandmother＇s, mother＇ s, aunts＇ etc.） was 1.91%. Both figures were obviously higher than that in the control group （ 1.50% and 0.92% , P〈0.01）. Conclusion The risk factor of esophagus cancer of the next generation seemed higher if the father and his brothers or mother and her sisters having had esophagus-cancers.