上海室内外灰尘中多氯联苯及其人体暴露评估

Polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor and outdoor dust of Shanghai and exposure assessment of them to human

2008年11月～2009年6月以气象学分4个季度测定了上海地区居民家庭室内外灰尘中多氯联苯(PCBs)的浓度.研究表明,春季和冬季室内灰尘中PCBs平均含量高于夏季和秋季,而室外灰尘中PCBs含量表现相反特征.单个室内样品∑PCBs浓度范围为1.0×103～1.97×106pg/g,室外为n.d.～1.96×106pg/g.此外,通过生理学的体外实验模拟人体胃肠消化过程,并利用响应面法研究影响PCBs生物有效性的因素,发现胆汁浓度相对于消化时间、液固比和污染物浓度对PCBs生物有效性影响最大.依据室内外灰尘中PCBs年平均浓度、生物有效性及灰尘摄入量计算得出,上海地区儿童和成人通过摄入灰尘人均PCBs的日暴露量分别为2.657×102～1.078×104pg/d和1.328×102～5.392×103pg/d.

Seasonal concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in indoor and outdoor dust in Shanghai during the period from November 2008 to June 2009 were determined. Concentrations of PCBs in indoor dust in the spring and winter were higher than those in summer and autumn. However,the opposite profiles were found in outdoor dust. The total concentrations of PCBs in individual samples ranged from 1.0×103 to 1.97×106pg/g and from n.d. to 1.96×106pg/g for indoor and outdoor dust samples,respectively. In addition,the factors affecting the bioaccessibility of PCBs in dust,which included bile content,ratios of liquid to dust,incubation time and concentrations of PCBs,were investigated with response surface methodology using an in vitro test that simulated the human gastrointestinal digestion. The results showed that bile content played the most important role among the factors. On the basis of the concentrations and bioaccessibility of PCBs,and the amount of ingested dust,human intakes of PCBs via dust ingestion were estimated as 2.657×102～1.078×104pg/d and 1.328×102～5.329×103pg/d for children and adults,respectively.